Table 1.
Gene name | Function | Changes induced by NNK & B[a]P |
---|---|---|
Expression associated with ROS elevation | ||
BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) | Regulated by ROS via increasing promoter activity [56] | ↑ |
COX17 (Cytochrome c oxidase assembly homolog-17) | Regulate ROS elevation by increasing activity of cytochrome coxidase [57] | ↑ |
MRPL41 (Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41) | Induced by ROS to help stabilize p53 [58] | ↑ |
Expression associated with cell proliferation | ||
B4GALT1 (BetaGlcNAc beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase-1) | Increase proliferation by enhancing estrogen expression [59] | ↑ |
BARHL1 (BarH-like homeobox-1) | Induce migration and survival of neural cells [60] | ↑ |
BOLA3 (BolA homolog-3) | Increase proliferation by regulating cell cycle [61] | ↑ |
MT1E (Metallothionein 1E) | Induce proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cells [62] | ↑ |
TNFRSF8 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily-8) | Decrease proliferation and increase apoptosis [63] | ↓ |
Expression associated with ERK pathway activation | ||
S100P (S100 calcium binding protein P) | Regulate Erk phosphorylation in colon cancer cells [64] | ↑ |
SPRR1B (Small proline-rich protein 1B) | Regulated by ERK pathway in epithelial cells [65] | ↑ |
Expression associated with DNA damage | ||
ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated) | Induced by double strand DNA damage [55] | ↑ |
PER1 (Period homolog-1) | Induce DNA damage in human cancer cells [66] | ↑ |
↑ up-regulation; ↓ down-regulation