Relationship between level of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) adherence (i.e., the percent of prescribed ICS medication taken) and the likelihood of an asthma exacerbation (i.e., burst oral steroid use, asthma-related emergency room visit, or asthma-related hospitalization). The relationship between adherence and outcomes is shown for all study participants (A), for those whose asthma was uncontrolled at the initial visit (B), and for those whose asthma was controlled at the initial visit (C). Participants with an ICS adherence of 0–25% are the referent group against which the other adherence categories are compared. Effect estimates are adjusted for all covariates included in Table 2 and in Model 5 from Table E1.