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. 2011 Oct;34(5pt2):e386–e396. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2010.01140.x

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International Journal of Andrology © 2011 European Academy of Andrology

Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

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Effect of foetal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP; 500 mg/kg/day), commencing at e13.5, on germ-cell (GC) expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT4; brown nuclear staining) at e15.5–e19.5 in the rat. GCs are identified by their cytoplasmic staining for VASA (blue/purple colour). Note that DBP treatment ceased 24 h before the indicated day of foetal sampling. Note also that in controls, most GCs immunoexpress OCT4 at e15.5 (A), but this decreases substantially at e17.5 (C,G) and is completely absent at e19.5 (E). DBP exposure increases the percentage of GCs expressing OCT4 at e17.5 (arrows; D,G), but not at e19.5 (F). OCT4 mRNA expression (H) decreased progressively with age and was unaffected by DBP exposure. Values in (G) and (H) are means ± SEM for six animals from 4 to 5 litters at each age. **p < 0.01, in comparison with the respective control.