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. 2011 Aug;73(4):763–787. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2011.00844.x

Table 2.

Percentage of Abnormal Scores on Child Psychological Well-Being Measures by Migration Status, Child Gender, and Child Age

Indonesia Philippines Thailand Vietnam
Emotional symptoms
 Overall 30.28 22.65 11.26 24.43
Parent migration & caregiver
 Parents usually resident 25.4 25.66 11.33 24.95
 Father-migrant/mother-caregiver 42.51 18.9 11.09 33.52
 Mother-migrant/father-caregiver 31.66 16.36 15.2
 Parent-migrant/other-caregiver 31.31 25 20 24.58
Child gender
 Boy 31.82 18.79 9.98 19.91
 Girl 28.72 26.51 12.55 28.69
Child age
 Young child 33.61 20.59 10.16 23.16
 Older child 26.89 24.69 12.33 25.67
Conduct Problems
 Overall 21.64 25.89 27.14 9.15
Parent migration & caregiver
 Parents usually resident 21.77 29.12 24.22 10.85
 Father-migrant/mother-caregiver 27.54 22.67 30.33 8.38
 Mother-migrant/father-caregiver 15.58 10.91 6.86
 Parent-migrant/other-caregiver 23.23 30.88 20 7.63
Child gender
 Boy 24.17 27.56 30.34 13.7
 Girl 19.08 24.22 23.89 4.85
Child age
 Young child 37.73 37.39 40.65 11.58
 Older child 5.25 14.52 13.92 6.78

Note: Young child = 3, 4, or 5 years of age. Older child = 9, 10, or 11 years of age.