Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and their cross-sectional associations with vertebral fractures in men and women
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | N | OR | 95% CI | n | N | OR | 95% CI | |
| Age per one standard deviation | ||||||||
| 3,210 | 1.77 | 1.15–2.72 | 3,730 | 3.36 | 2.28–4.96 | |||
| Serum vitamin D per one standard deviation | ||||||||
| 3,210 | 0.77 | 0.46–1.29 | 3,730 | 0.99 | 0.70–1.39 | |||
| Body mass index per one standard deviation | ||||||||
| 3,210 | 1.13 | 0.74–1.74 | 3,730 | 0.76 | 0.53–1.08 | |||
| Educational level | ||||||||
| <8 years | 2,170 | 14 | 1.00 | 2,557 | 28 | 1.00 | ||
| 8–12 years | 670 | 4 | 1.25 | 0.40–3.90 | 781 | 6 | 1.49 | 0.60–3.69 |
| >12 years | 370 | 1 | 0.59 | 0.08–4.56 | 392 | 3 | 2.35 | 0.67–8.20 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never smoked | 956 | 4 | 1.00 | 2,892 | 30 | 1.00 | ||
| Ex-smoker | 1,092 | 7 | 1.32 | 0.38–4.54 | 356 | 5 | 3.01 | 1.11–8.17 |
| Pipe, cigars or < 20 cigarettes/day | 651 | 5 | 1.87 | 0.50–7.00 | 371 | 2 | 1.24 | 0.29–5.41 |
| ≥20 cigarettes/day | 511 | 3 | 1.77 | 0.39–8.09 | 111 | 0 | ||
| Alcohol intake (grams of ethanol per week) | ||||||||
| 0 | 868 | 3 | 1.00 | 2,272 | 30 | 1.00 | ||
| 1–49 | 1,623 | 14 | 3.64 | 1.01–13.1 | 1,361 | 6 | 0.81 | 0.32–2.01 |
| 50–249 | 227 | 0 | 47 | 1 | 6.85 | 0.83–56.25 | ||
| ≥249 | 492 | 2 | 2.12 | 0.34–13.39 | 50 | 0 | ||
| Physical activity at leisure | ||||||||
| Low | 1,034 | 7 | 1.00 | 1,481 | 23 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate | 1,603 | 10 | 1.09 | 0.41–2.91 | 1,765 | 12 | 0.72 | 0.35–1.48 |
| High | 573 | 2 | 0.71 | 0.14–3.54 | 484 | 2 | 0.62 | 0.14–2.73 |
| Self-rated general health | ||||||||
| Good | 1,516 | 7 | 1.00 | 1,750 | 9 | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate | 1,146 | 5 | 0.68 | 0.21–2.23 | 1,431 | 17 | 1.23 | 0.54–2.81 |
| Poor | 548 | 7 | 1.70 | 0.56–5.21 | 550 | 11 | 1.60 | 0.64–3.99 |
Age-adjusted relative odds (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Ranges and mean values ± standard deviations were the following. Age in men: 30–91, 49.8 ± 13.6; in women: 30–90, 52.3 ± 14.3 years. Serum vitamin D in men: 5–180, 45.1 ± 20.3; in women: 4–151; 41.9 ± 18.6 nmol/l. Body mass index in men: 16.4–42.8, 25.8 ± 3.5; in women: 16.0–47.8, 26.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2
n number of subjects examined, N number of subjects with vertebral fracture