Table 2.
Logistic regression analyses predicting upper back pain (UBP), lower back pain (LBP), peripheral (limb) pain (PP), and abdominal pain (AP) in schoolchildren (N = 189)
| Low back pain (LBP) | Upper back pain (UBP) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P value | CI (OR) | OR | P value | CI (OR) | |
| Age | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.05–0.60 | 1.31 | 0.55 | 0.53–3.21 |
| Sex | 0.48 | 0.26 | 0.14–1.70 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.38–2.53 |
| Stand and Reach test | 1.03 | 0.94 | 0.44–2.41 | 1.20 | 0.59 | 0.62–2.36 |
| BMI | 1.19 | 0.06 | 0.99–1.43 | 1.07 | 0.44 | 0.91–1.25 |
| Weight satchel | 2.35 | 0.01 | 1.27–4.34 | 0.89 | 0.63 | 0.55–1.43 |
| Sport activity | 1.74 | 0.21 | 0.73–4.16 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 0.51–1.98 |
| Daily TV, video, and computer use | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.27–0.85 | 0.75 | 0.17 | 0.50–1.13 |
| Back pain mother | 2.39 | 0.20 | 0.63–9.02 | 1.64 | 0.34 | 0.59–4.53 |
| Back pain father | 1.96 | 0.36 | 0.46–8.33 | 1.88 | 0.26 | 0.62–5.65 |
| Psychosocial strain | 1.15 | 0.04 | 1.01–1.31 | 1.15 | 0.01 | 1.03–1.27 |
| Math problem | 15.08 | 0.03 | 1.37–165.99 | 0.52 | 0.69 | 0.02–13.60 |
| Basic school recommendation | 1.74 | 0.57 | 0.26–11.65 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.07–1.42 |
| Secondary school recommendation | 4.77 | 0.04 | 1.04–21.86 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.29–2.50 |
| Peripheral (joint) pain (PP) | Abdominal pain (AP) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P value | CI (OR) | OR | P value | CI (OR) | |
| Age | 1.06 | 0.88 | 0.51–2.20 | 1.51 | 0.33 | 0.66–3.45 |
| Sex | 0.47 | 0.05 | 0.22–1.01 | 4.25 | 0.01 | 1.46–12.37 |
| Stand and Reach test | 0.69 | 0.20 | 0.40–1.21 | 1.12 | 0.73 | 0.58–2.17 |
| BMI | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.88–1.14 | 0.93 | 0.34 | 0.81–1.08 |
| Weight satchel | 0.97 | 0.86 | 0.67–1.40 | 1.03 | 0.89 | 0.66–1.61 |
| Sport activity | 1.64 | 0.10 | 0.92–2.94 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.53–1.99 |
| Daily TV, video, and computer use | 0.76 | 0.12 | 0.54–1.07 | 1.42 | 0.10 | 0.94–2.17 |
| Back pain mother | 0.81 | 0.66 | 0.32–2.06 | 1.42 | 0.51 | 0.50–4.04 |
| Back pain father | 2.31 | 0.08 | 0.90–5.98 | 1.10 | 0.87 | 0.36–3.38 |
| Psychosocial strain | 1.07 | 0.14 | 0.98–1.16 | 1.01 | 0.79 | 0.91–1.13 |
| Math problem | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.01–1.37 | 0.58 | 0.62 | 0.07–4.97 |
| Basic school recommendation | 2.25 | 0.17 | 0.70–7.20 | 5.19 | 0.03 | 1.18–22.85 |
| Secondary school recommendation | 1.43 | 0.44 | 0.58–3.52 | 3.33 | 0.06 | 0.95–11.66 |
N = 189. Results are controlled for being in 11 different school classes (10 dummy variables). OR odds ratio, CI (OR): 95% confidence interval of the odds ratio. P significance level of logistic regression coefficient; sex (0 = m, 1 = f), Stand and Reach test (1 = reach floor, 2 = reach only ankle, 3 = did not reach ankle), BMI (kg/m2), weight satchel (kg), sport activity (1 = <1 h/week, 2 = 1–3 h/week, 3 = >3 h/week), daily TV, video, and computer use (1 = not at all, 2 = <0.5 h, 3 = 0.5–1 h, 4 = 1–1.5 h, 5 = >1.5 h), back pain mother (0 = no, 1 = yes), back pain father (0 = no, 1 = yes), psychosocial strain (0–40), math problem (0 = no, 1 = yes), basic school recommendation (0 = no, 1 = yes), secondary school recommendation (0 = no, 1 = yes)