Table 2.
Participant characteristics of the Danish and the English validation samples
| Danish validation sample (n = 311) | English validation sample (n = 500) | Tests for differences between the cohorts | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 185 (59.5%) | 293 (59%) | p = 0.8912* |
| Age, mean (±SD years) | 51.4 (15.7) | 45 (9.7) | p = 0.0001^ |
| STarT group, proportions | |||
| Low | 39.8% | 47% | p = 0.788# |
| Medium | 34.0% | 38% | |
| High | 26.2% | 15% | |
| Pain intensity (scale 0–30) | |||
| Back, mean (±SD) | 17.9 (7.2) | Not comparable | p < 0.0000* |
| Leg, mean (±SD) | 12.9 (9.5) | Not comparable | |
| Numbers with leg pain | 239 (76.8%) | 303 (61%) | |
| RMDQ (scale 0–100§) | |||
| Mean (±SD) | 56.6 (24.1) | 39.6 (25.6) | p = 0.0343^ |
| Widespread pain neck/shoulders, n (%) | 98 (31.5%) | 276 (55%) | p = 0.0002^ |
| TSK (scale 17–68§) | |||
| Mean (±SD) | 37.5 (8.5) | 39.5 (6.9) | p = 0.0003^ |
| CSQ (scale 0–36§) | |||
| Mean (±SD) | 12.9 (7.9) | 10 (7.9) | p = 0.0001^ |
| HADS anxiety (scale 0–20§) | |||
| Mean (±SD) | 6.7 (4.4) | 8.2 (4.5) | p = 0.0001^ |
| HADS depression (scale 0–20§) | |||
| Mean (±SD) | 4.2 (4.0) | 6.7 (4.3) | p = 0.0001^ |
RMDQ Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, TSK Tampa Scale of Kinesophobia, CSQ Coping Strategy Questionnaire (catastrophisation domain), HADS (A) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (anxiety subscale), HADS (D) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (depression subscale)
* Z test of proportions
^Unpaired t test
#Kruskal–Wallis test
§High scores are worse