Table 2.

Magnesium and cyclosporin A evaluation in rodent TBI models

Drug	TBI model	Route of administration	Time window	Repeated administration	Outcome measure	Time for outcome
Magnesium	lFPI1–6,13–14,16,22	i.v.1–7,9–11,13–16,18,19,22	Pre-injury3,22	Yes8,18	Cognition1,2,11,14,16,18,19,22	≤7 days1,6,8–10,12,13,17,18,20
	I/A7–11,15,17,19–20	i.p.17,20,21	≤1 h1,2,4–7,9–21	No1–7,9–17,19–22	Motor/	7–28 days2–5,11,14,19,21,22
	CHI12	s.c.12	1–6 h8		Sensorymotor2–4,6–12,14,18,19,21	>28 days15,16
	Bifrontal contusion18	i.m.8,10	>6 h8		Oedema2,17,20
	CCI23,24,27,28				Lesion vol/cell death5,6,13,16,19,22
	Rat1–22				Complex11,16
	Mouse
Cyclosporin	lFPI25,26,28	i.v.25,27	Pre-injury23,25	Yes23–26,28*	Cognition25,26	≤7 days23,24,27,28
	CCI23,24,27,28	i.p.23,26,28	≤1 h23,24,26,27	No27	Motor/Sensorymotor25,26	7–28 days25,26
	Rat25–28	s.c.24	1–6 h28			>28 days
	Mouse23,24	i.m.	>6 h28		Oedema27
					Lesion vol/cell death23,24,28
					Complex

References to Table 2:

¹Smith et al. (1993),

²Okiyama et al. (1995),

³McIntosh et al. (1988),

⁴McIntosh et al. (1989),

⁵Bareyre et al. (2000),

⁶Guluma et al. (1999),

⁷Heath and Vink (1998),

⁸Heath and Vink (1999b),

⁹Heath and Vink (1997),

¹⁰Heath and Vink (1999c),

¹¹Vink et al. (2003),

¹²Feldman et al. (1996),

¹³Saatman et al. (2001),

¹⁴Bareyre et al. (1999),

¹⁵Fromm et al. (2004),

¹⁶Browne et al. (2004),

¹⁷Esen et al. (2003),

¹⁸Hoane (2005),

¹⁹Turner et al. (2004),

²⁰Imer et al. (2009),

²¹Barbre and Hoane (2006),

²²Enomoto et al. (2005),

²³Scheff and Sullivan (1999),

²⁴Sullivan et al. (2000a),

²⁵Alessandri et al. (2002),

²⁶Riess et al. (2001),

²⁷Fukui et al. (2003),

²⁸Sullivan et al. (2000b).

Overview of preclinical studies evaluating Mg²⁺ or cyclosporin A in rodent models of TBI.

^*Prolonged, >1 h infusion, included in the Repeated administration column.

CCI, controlled cortical contusion injury; CHI, closed head injury; i.m., intramuscular; i.p., intraperitoneal; i.v., intravenous; I/A, impact-acceleration; lFPI, lateral fluid percussion injury; s.c., subcutaneous; TBI, traumatic brain injury.