Table 1.
FA distribution of foods of the German market (% of FAME); food categories: I. semi-solid fats and II. deep-fried potato products
| Food category | (I) Semi-solid fats (n = 57) | (II) Deep-fried potato products (n = 61) | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroup | Margarines/spreads (n = 27) | Shortenings/cooking fats (n = 30) | French fries/chips (n = 49) | Croquettes (n = 12) | ||||||||||||||||
| FA (% of FAME) | Mean | SD | Median | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Median | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Median | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Median | Min | Max |
| C10:0 | 0.47 | 0.45 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 1.55 | 0.67 | 1.42 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 6.67 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.12 |
| C12:0 | 4.30 | 4.44 | 2.49 | 0.08 | 19.47 | 5.27 | 10.38 | 0.80 | 0.02 | 47.51 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.33 |
| C14:0 | 1.80 | 1.52 | 1.36 | 0.12 | 6.60 | 2.50 | 3.52 | 1.18 | 0.07 | 16.57 | 0.44 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 1.02 | 0.91 | 0.36 | 0.95 | 0.15 | 1.61 |
| C16:0 | 18.44b | 7.30 | 18.89 | 6.07 | 35.35 | 29.97a | 13.15 | 33.76 | 5.59 | 48.58 | 21.06b | 16.39 | 15.60 | 4.15 | 47.42 | 38.75a | 11.80 | 40.67 | 9.44 | 51.10 |
| c9-C16:1 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.52 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.23 |
| C18:0 | 6.30 | 4.86 | 4.23 | 2.96 | 18.06 | 5.07 | 1.92 | 4.59 | 2.56 | 9.61 | 3.58b | 0.76 | 3.21 | 2.63 | 4.84 | 4.71a | 0.46 | 4.61 | 4.01 | 5.51 |
| t4-C18:1 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| t5-C18:1 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
| t6/7/8-C18:1 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.26 | 0.52 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.73 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.65 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.22 |
| t9-C18:1 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 1.10 | 0.51 | 1.12 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 5.31 | 0.27 | 0.80 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 4.12 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.19 |
| t10-C18:1 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.81 | 0.31 | 0.66 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 2.75 | 0.20 | 0.64 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 3.67 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.15 |
| t11-C18:1 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.55 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.56 | 0.11 | 0.41 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2.25 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
| t12-C18:1 | 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.52 | 0.11 | 0.28 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.35 | 0.06 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.24 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| t13/14-C18:1 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.79 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| t15-C18:1 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.09 | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 1.90 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| t16-C18:1 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| c9-C18:1 | 32.38 | 10.35 | 27.73 | 18.48 | 51.74 | 34.09 | 9.02 | 34.75 | 6.65 | 53.40 | 49.60a | 14.49 | 50.29 | 22.48 | 69.39 | 35.12b | 3.60 | 35.12 | 26.90 | 40.63 |
| c11-C18:1 | 1.32 | 0.69 | 1.12 | 0.53 | 2.83 | 1.24 | 0.66 | 1.30 | 0.11 | 3.28 | 1.44a | 0.73 | 1.45 | 0.69 | 3.58 | 0.75b | 0.11 | 0.79 | 0.53 | 0.88 |
| c12-C18:1 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.39 | 0.13 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.64 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| c9,12-C18:2 | 29.11a | 13.70 | 30.32 | 10.71 | 48.49 | 14.80b | 11.56 | 10.38 | 1.65 | 45.87 | 19.07 | 12.40 | 17.29 | 5.69 | 60.83 | 17.56 | 14.48 | 12.46 | 6.25 | 56.28 |
| c9,12,15-C18:3 | 2.32 | 2.15 | 2.42 | 0.07 | 7.59 | 1.83 | 1.77 | 1.99 | 0.03 | 6.90 | 1.54a | 1.49 | 1.44 | 0.21 | 5.16 | 0.28b | 0.08 | 0.26 | 0.18 | 0.46 |
| C20:0 | 0.42 | 0.15 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.85 | 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.44 | 0.09 | 0.81 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.40 | 0.29 | 0.67 | 0.40 | 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.49 |
| c11-C20:1 | 0.44 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.12 | 1.09 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.05 | 1.13 | 0.43 | 0.29 | 0.51 | 0.14 | 1.26 | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.19 |
| C22:0 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.12 | 0.71 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 1.33 | 0.44 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.07 | 0.89 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.74 |
| ∑SFA | 33.03b | 8.30 | 33.05 | 20.10 | 55.31 | 45.36a | 17.23 | 45.36 | 11.05 | 91.49 | 26.35b | 17.15 | 20.47 | 8.33 | 53.93 | 45.42a | 12.39 | 46.79 | 15.30 | 59.56 |
| ∑MUFA | 34.51 | 11.46 | 29.55 | 19.91 | 55.64 | 36.27 | 10.31 | 36.47 | 6.83 | 63.62 | 52.78a | 15.60 | 57.15 | 24.69 | 73.74 | 36.49b | 3.82 | 36.47 | 27.99 | 42.45 |
| ∑PUFA | 31.55a | 12.62 | 32.93 | 12.27 | 52.82 | 16.78b | 12.66 | 13.13 | 1.68 | 52.40 | 20.87 | 13.19 | 20.62 | 8.00 | 61.42 | 18.09 | 14.43 | 12.79 | 7.12 | 56.70 |
| ∑n-3 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 1.65 | 1.49 | 1.56 | 0.23 | 5.19 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.51 |
| ∑n-6 | 29.13a | 13.68 | 30.36 | 10.72 | 48.49 | 14.82b | 11.58 | 10.41 | 1.65 | 45.91 | 19.39 | 12.20 | 17.29 | 8.10 | 60.89 | 17.61 | 14.49 | 12.49 | 6.36 | 56.35 |
| ∑CLA | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.75 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.51 |
| ∑TFAa) | 0.96 | 1.26 | 0.34 | 0.11 | 4.28 | 1.70 | 3.26 | 0.34 | 0.05 | 14.38 | 0.99 | 3.00 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 16.30 | 0.32 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.71 |
| ∑Trans C18:2a) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 2.66 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.07 |
| Total fat (% FM) | 70.63 | 17.49 | 80.00 | 24.00 | 80.00 | 87.80 | 10.55 | 80.00 | 74.00 | 100.00 | 11.7a | 4.8 | 12.0 | 4.2 | 19.4 | 8.9b | 3.7 | 8.3 | 4.8 | 18.2 |
| Portion of foods (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Between 2 and 6% TFA | 22 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| Above 6% TFA | 0 | 13 | 6 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
Food categories: (I) semi-solid fats; (II) deep-fried potato products; (III) bakery products; (IV) confectioneries; (V) instant products; (VI) butter.
a,b,cMean values with different superscript letters were significantly different between subgroups of one food category (p ≤ 0.05).
a)
Isomeres with at least one isolated trans-double bond, no CLA included.