Impact of lack of endogenous CST or SST in the regulation of stomach ghrelin and SST systems. A, Circulating levels of acylated and total (acylated plus nonacylated) ghrelin in male and female cort+/+ (white columns) vs. cort−/− (gray columns) mice (left) and sst+/+ (white columns) vs. sst−/− (gray columns) mice (right). B, Stomach expression of ghrelin and GOAT of male (open columns) and female (solid columns) cort+/+ vs. cort−/− mice (left panel) and sst+/+ vs. sst−/− mice (right panel). C, Stomach expression of SST and SST receptors isoforms/variants (sst) of male (open columns) and female (solid columns) cort+/+ vs. cort−/− mice. D, Circulating SST levels in male and female cort+/+ (white columns) vs. cort−/− (gray columns) mice. Circulating hormone levels (A and D) are represented as the mean ± sem of male and female cort−/− or sst−/− vs. littermate controls (cort+/+ or sst+/+, respectively; four to 10 mice/genotype per gender). Expression levels (B and C) are showed as relative percentage of male or female cort−/− vs. control (cort+/+) mice (shown by the dotted line set at 100%) and represent the mean ± sem of five to eight mice/genotype per gender. Asterisks (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001) indicate differences between controls (+/+) and knockout (−/−) mice within gender. n.d., Not determined; n.m., not measured.