Table 3.

Mean values for in vivo cardiovascular function measures in post hoc comparison groups.

Parameter	Group [(Young/Aged)-(Control/SSW)-(Wild-type/CCM)]
	Y-C-W	Y-S-W	A-C-W	A-S-W	Y-C-C	Y-S-C	A-C-C	A-S-C
LVEF	0.62 ± 0.03	0.60 ± 0.05	0.68 ± 0.04	0.69 ± 0.05	0.65 ± 0.07	0.69 ± 0.05	0.56 ± 0.10	0.66 ± 0.03
RVEF	0.53 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.04	0.55 ± 0.05	0.55 ± 0.05	0.49 ± 0.07	0.61 ± 0.04	0.51 ± 0.08	0.65 ± 0.03
LVFS	0.39 ± 0.04	0.33 ± 0.04	0.40 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.05	0.45 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.08	0.40 ± 0.05	0.41 ± 0.03
RVFS	0.40 ± 0.07	0.42 ± 0.07	0.48 ± 0.12	0.35 ± 0.10	0.32 ± 0.14	0.26 ± 0.06	0.32 ± 0.07	0.44 ± 0.06
LVEDD (mm)	4.54 ± 0.05	4.31 ± 0.33	4.65 ± 0.18	4.62 ± 0.15	4.73 ± 0.32	4.66 ± 0.33	5.02 ± 0.20	4.74 ± 0.09
RVEDD (mm)	1.83 ± 0.11	2.04 ± 0.18	1.74 ± 0.18	1.82 ± 0.14	2.02 ± 0.11	1.94 ± 0.26	1.96 ± 0.16	1.82 ± 0.18
SWT (mm)	1.25 ± 0.07	1.13 ± 0.09	1.30 ± 0.10	1.20 ± 0.09	1.73 ± 0.16*	1.54 ± 0.26	1.56 ± 0.16	1.71 ± 0.19*
OWT (mm)	1.02 ± 0.17	1.16 ± 0.11	1.12 ± 0.23	1.38 ± 0.22	1.07 ± 0.12	1.11 ± 0.08	1.32 ± 0.06	1.15 ± 0.25
BP (mmHg)	129 ± 4	132 ± 4	133 ± 5	121 ± 6	129 ± 3	131 ± 6	139 ± 5	135 ± 10

Definitions include: Y, young (6 month old) mice; A, aged (22 month old) mice; C, control light/dark cycle; S, simulated shift work (i.e., repetitive reversal of the light/dark cycle for 4 months); W, wild-type mice; C, cardiomyocyte-specific circadian clock mutant (CCM) mice; SSW, simulated shift work, light/dark cycle manipulation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS, left ventricular fractional shortening; RVFS, right ventricular fractional shortening; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; RVEDD, right ventricular end diastolic diameter; SWT, septal wall thickness; OWT, outer wall thickness; BP, peak systolic blood pressure; NS, not significant. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n=3–6).

^*denotes p<0.05 for wild-type versus CCM hearts within the same age and light/dark cycle groups.