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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Dec 5.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Rev Mol Med. 2011 May 18;13:e18. doi: 10.1017/S1462399411001876

Table 1.

Altered signalling pathways in pancreatic cancera

Altered signaling
pathway		 Example of
mutated geneb
K-Ras KRAS
TGF-β SMAD4
c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAP4K3
Integrin LAMA1
Wnt/Notch MYC
Hedgehog SOX3
Control of G1–S phase CDKN2A
Apoptosis CASP10
DNA damage TP53
Small GTPase ARHGEF7
Invasion ADAM11
Homophilic cell addition CDH1
a

Adapted from Ref. 9

b

MAP4K3, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3; LAMA1, laminin α1; MYC, myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue; SOX3, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 3; CASP10, caspase 10; ARHGEF7, rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 7; ADAM11, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 11; CDH1, E-cadherin.