Table 2.

Selectivity of replication-competent oncolytic viruses for pancreatic cancer

	Oncolytic virus	Basis of cancer selectivity	Refs
Adenoviruses	Lacking E1B 55 kDa	Loss of TP53 function or altered nuclear mRNA transport	33, 34
	Lacking E1ACR2	Aberrant pRB pathway	35, 36
	Lacking E1B 19 kDa	Aberrant apoptotic pathways	37
Herpesviruses	Lacking ICP6	Upregulated ribonucleotide reductase activity	38
	Lacking ICP34.5	Aberrant PKR signalling or PI3K pathway	39, 40
	Lacking ICP10	Upregulated Ras signalling pathway	41
Parvoviruses	H-1PV	Altered Ras–Raf signalling pathway, SMAD4 mutations and IFN signalling	42, 43, 44
Reoviruses	Reovirus serotype 3	Altered Ras signalling pathway	45
Poxviruses	Vaccinia virus	Several pathways depending on engineered or naturally occurring mutations in the attenuated virus	46, 47
	Myxoma virus	Akt signalling; loss of tumour suppressor functions	48, 49
Paramyxoviruses	Measles virus	Receptor retargeting	50, 51
	Sendai virus	Receptor retargeting	52