Table 4. Secreted mucins in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
| Ref. | Mucin | N | Anti body | mAb or pAb | Positivity in cancer | Positivity in normal or benign tissues | Pathologic correlation | Clinical correlation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [26] | MUC 2 | 200 cancer 81 CIS |
4F1 | mAb | 1. Ductal Ca.: 19% (C+G) 2. Lobular Ca: 8% (C+G) 3. Mucinous Ca: 100% (C+G) |
1. Absent except weak cytoplasmic staining in one case. 2. DCIS (14%), LCIS (7%) |
1. ER/post-menopausal status/grade: None 2. Size: ↑ expression in tumors <10mm or >50mm in size |
1. DFS: Shorter (49 months) in MUC2+ than in MUC2- (75 months) tumors 2. OS: None |
| [43] | MUC 2 | 17 MC, 46 IDC | Ant-MRP | pAb | 1. IDC: 15% 2. MC: 94% |
Absent in NAT | NE | NE |
| [21] | MUC 5AC | 68 cancer, 29 normal, 15 DHWA, 2 DCIS |
CLH2 | mAb | 7%¥; C+G | 1.Normal: 4%; C+G 2. NAT: 3% 3.DHWA: None 4.DCIS: 50% |
None to tumor size/stage/grade/E R/HER-2/p53 | None to age. Others NE |
| [37] | MUC 5AC | 1447 cancer 0 normal |
CLH2 | mAb | 37% | NE | None | +ve correlation with post-menopausal status only. |
| [43] | MUC 5AC | 17 MC, 46 IDC | NCL-MUC5A C | mAb | 1. IDC: 4% 2 MC: 12% |
Absent in NAT | NE | NE |
| [24] | MUC 5B | 42 cancer 24 normal 13 DCIS 14 benign diseases |
- | pAb | 1. Ductal Ca: 19% (high) and 62%(intermediate) stained. 2. Ductal Ca: C +P Colloid Ca: A |
1. Normal breast epithelium: 0% 2. NAT: 42% 3. DCIS (54%); Benign disease (93%) 3. Distribution: Mostly A (C in some NAT) |
1. ER/PR status/tumor size/grade/stage: NS 2. LN metastasis: +ve when 1° tumor was +ve |
NE |
| [21] | MUC 6 | 68 cancer, 29 normal, 15 DHWA, 2 DCIS |
CLH6 | mAb | 23%; C | 1.Normal: 14%;C2. NAT: 14% 3.DHWA: 13% 4.DCIS: 50% |
None to tumor size/stage/grade/E R/HER-2/p53 | None to age. Others NE |
| [37] | MUC 6 | 1447 cancer 0 normal | CLH5 | mAb | 20% § | NE |
1. ER status: -ve correlation with MUC6 expression 3. Tumor grade: None |
1. Distant metastasis LN spread and recurrence: none 2. Survival: Appears to improve survival |
| [31] | MUC 6 | 60 cancer 11 normal 28 fibrocystic disease |
- | pAb | 1.Intraductal Ca: 82% 2.Ductal infiltrating Ca: 100% 3.Lobular Ca: 92% (Diffuse C) |
1. Normal: 9% 2. Fibrocystic disease without atypia: 41% 3. Atypical fibrocystic disease: 100% |
ER status: None (Other factors NE) | NE |
| [43] | MUC 6 | 17 MC, 46 IDC | NCL-MUC6 | mAb | 1. IDC: 15 2. MC: 72% |
Absent in NAT | NE | NE |
| [70] | MUC 2 MUC 3 MUC 5BMUC 6 MUC 7 |
Breast tissues and BM from 46 cancer patients PBMCs from 15 normal donors |
NA(RT-PCR) | N A |
BC tissue using RT-PCR 1. MUC5B-7/15 (47% sensitive) 2. MUC2-1/11 (9% sensitive) 3. MUC3-1/11 (9% sensitive) 4. MUC6-3/14 (21% sensitive) 5. MUC7-5/12 (42% sensitive) Nested PCR for MUC5B-52% sensitive |
PBMCs using RT-PCR 1. MUC2, MUC5B, MUC6-none(100% specific) 2. MUC3-4/14 (29% specific) 5. MUC7-10/13 (77% specific) Nested PCR for MUC5B-none (100% specific) |
1. Tumor size: ↑ +ve with ↑size. T1 (14%) < T2 (22%) < T3 (50%) 2. Stage: ↑ +ve with ↑ stage. Stage I (15%) < Stage IIa (25%) < Stage IIb (9%) < Stage III (50%) 3. LN: NS |
Sensitivity of MUC5B nested PCR was comparable to RT-PCR for CEA (17% sensitive) and inferior to CK19 (41% sensitive) for detecting DTCs |
|
Validation set Nested PCR for MUC5B applied to BM of pre-operative BC patients (19.5% +ve) |
¥
All the five MUC5AC positive cancers were also positive for MUC1 and 4/5 were positive for MUC6.
§
High expression in mucinous breast tumors compared to other tumor types
Breast cancer (BC); Carcinoma in situ (CIS); Apical (A); Cytoplasmic (C); Circumferential membrane accentuation (CMA); Granular (G); Luminal (L); Perinuclear (P); Number of samples (N);Lymph node (LN); Normal adjacent tissue (NAT); Not examined (NE); DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ; DHWA, ductal hyperplasia without atypia; monoclonal antibody (mAb); polyclonal antibody (pAb); Overall survival (OS), Disease free survival (DFS); Mucinous carcinoma (MC), Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)