Table 2.
Association between individual exposure to ambient NO2a and benzeneb during pregnancy and anthropometric measures at birth: meta-analysis results from the four different cohort-specific estimates [β (95% CI)].
| Outcome | Exposure | All women (n = 2,337) | Women who spent ≥ 15 hr/day at home (n = 1,380) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted one-pollutant model | ||||||
| Weight (g) | NO2 | –10.8 (– 31.2 to 9.8) | –17.8 (–44.1 to 8.6) | |||
| Benzene | –4.2 (–34.5 to 26.1) | –7.4 (–42.8 to 27.9) | ||||
| Length (cm) | NO2 | –0.09 (–0.18 to –0.01) | –0.16 (–0.27 to –0.04) | |||
| Benzene | –0.01 (–0.14 to 0.13) | –0.02 (–0.18 to 0.15) | ||||
| HC (cm) | NO2 | –0.004 (–0.069 to 0.061) | –0.045 (–0.130 to 0.039) | |||
| Benzene | 0.03 (–0.07 to 0.13) | 0.04 (–0.08 to 0.15) | ||||
| Adjusted two-pollutant model | ||||||
| Weight (g) | NO2 | –16.7 (–59.7 to 26.3) | –17.9 (–54.3 to 18.4) | |||
| Benzene | 16.2 (–24.6 to 56.9) | 14.2 (–32.1 to 60.5) | ||||
| Length (cm) | NO2 | –0.16 (–0.29 to –0.03) | –0.23 (–0.39 to –0.07) | |||
| Benzene | 0.16 (–0.03 to 0.35) | 0.17 (–0.04 to 0.38) | ||||
| HC (cm) | NO2 | –0.003 (–0.097 to 0.090) | –0.057 (–0.172 to 0.059) | |||
| Benzene | 0.04 (–0.09 to 0.17) | 0.08 (–0.08 to 0.24) | ||||
| aResults for a 10-µg/m3 increase in NO2. Birth weight (model 1): adjusted for maternal age, maternal prepregnancy weight, maternal height, paternal height, gestational weight gain, parity, cohabitation with the baby’s father, maternal working status, smoking during pregnancy, country of origin, sex of the infant, rural, and season of last menstrual period, type of cooker; birth length: model 1 + maternal social class; birth HC: model 1 + maternal education. bResults for a 1-unit increase in log2-transformed benzene (micrograms per cubic meter). Birth weight and birth length: adjusted for model 1 covariates + maternal social class; birth HC: model 1 + maternal social class + maternal education. | ||||||