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. 2011 Jun 10;119(9):1239–1246. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1003394

Figure 2.

Figure 2

TTX blocked pyrethroid-induced elevation of Na+ influx in neocortical cultures. Cultures were loaded with SBFI and washed, and baseline fluorescence was determined for 100 sec. Individual wells were then treated with vehicle (0.2% DMSO), vehicle + 1 µM TTX, 10 µM of the indicated pyrethroids, or 10 µM of the pyrethroids + 1 µM TTX. Data (mean ± SE; n = 3–6/treatment) were obtained from two different cultures performed in duplicate. In the absence of pyrethroid (control), the negative SBFI fluorescence in the presence of TTX indicates an effect of TTX on basal activity of VGSCs. In all cases, TTX significantly reduced Na+ flux stimulated by pyrethroids. Two-way ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of pyrethroid, a significant main effect of TTX treatment, and a significant interaction. Step-down ANOVAs followed by Bonferroni’s comparison indicated a significant effect of all pyrethroids versus control except for cypermethrin and a significant effect of TTX on all treatments (control and pyrethroid compounds) except control. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 for pyrethroid compared with control. ##p < 0.01 for pyrethroid + TTX compared with pyrethroid alone.