Table 4.
Adjusted* estimates of height change (cm) for a unit change in factors associated with childhood circumstances among Thais
| Women | Men | |||||
| Factor | Estimate cm | 95% CI | p Value | Estimate cm | 95% CI | p Value |
| Per decade increase in birth year | 0.67 | 0.58 to 0.76 | <0.0001 | 0.58 | 0.49 to 0.67 | <0.0001 |
| Mother's education | ||||||
| None | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Primary | 0.54 | 0.33 to 0.75 | <0.0001 | 0.26 | 0.03 to 0.49 | 0.03 |
| Secondary | 0.74 | 0.46 to 1.02 | <0.0001 | 0.63 | 0.29 to 0.96 | 0.0002 |
| Tertiary | 1.10 | 0.73 to 1.46 | <0.0001 | 0.98 | 0.53 to 1.42 | <0.0001 |
| Father's education | ||||||
| None | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Primary | 0.41 | 0.14 to 0.68 | 0.003 | 0.50 | 0.20 to 0.79 | 0.003 |
| Secondary | 0.55 | 0.26 to 0.84 | 0.0002 | 0.96 | 0.64 to 1.29 | <0.0001 |
| Tertiary | 0.65 | 0.29 to 1.01 | 0.0004 | 1.43 | 1.02 to 1.84 | <0.0001 |
| Birth size as recalled by relatives† | ||||||
| Small or underweight | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Normal | 1.71 | 1.57 to 1.85 | <0.0001 | 1.89 | 1.71 to 2.07 | <0.0001 |
| Large or overweight | 2.80 | 2.60 to 3.00 | <0.0001 | 3.30 | 3.04 to 3.57 | <0.0001 |
| Breast fed‡ | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.30 | 0.10 to 0.51 | 0.004 | 0.27 | 0.007 to 0.55 | 0.06 |
| No of siblings | ||||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 1 | −0.08 | −0.37 to 0.20 | 0.55 | −0.36 | −0.74 to 0.03 | 0.07 |
| 2 | −0.27 | −0.56 to 0.02 | 0.07 | −0.48 | −0.87 to −0.09 | 0.01 |
| 3 | −0.39 | −0.70 to −0.09 | 0.01 | −0.75 | −1.16 to −0.34 | 0.0003 |
| 4 | −0.70 | −1.03 to −0.37 | <0.0001 | −0.84 | −1.26 to −0.41 | 0.0001 |
| 5+ | −0.63 | −0.95 to −0.31 | <0.0001 | −1.19 | −1.60 to −0.78 | <0.0001 |
| Birth order | ||||||
| First born | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Later born | 0.37 | 0.24 to 0.49 | <0.0001 | 0.31 | 0.16 to 0.46 | <0.0001 |
| Area of residence when aged 10–12 years | ||||||
| Urban | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Rural | −0.73 | −0.88 to −0.59 | <0.0001 | −1.11 | −1.29 to −0.94 | <0.0001 |
| Assets in the home when aged 10–12 years | ||||||
| 0–1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 2–4 | 0.16 | −0.02 to 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.50 | 0.32 to 0.68 | 0.16 |
| 5–6 | 0.61 | 0.43 to 0.81 | <0.0001 | 1.19 | 0.98 to 1.39 | <0.0001 |
| >6 | 1.40 | 1.16 to 1.64 | <0.0001 | 1.95 | 1.67 to 2.24 | <0.0001 |
*
Each factor adjusted for all others listed in the table apart from birth size recalled by relatives.
†
Estimates calculated using data from those who reported birth size (∼75% of cohort), adjusted for all listed factors.
‡
When birth size is added to the model the effect of breast feeding is negligible (0.05 cm, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.27 for women and −0.01 cm, 95% CI −0.33 to 0.31 for men).