Table 1.
Summary of immune responses to FV3 in larval and adult X. laevis.
| Adults | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Secondary | Larvae | |
| Symptoms | 2–3 weeks | 3–5 days | Long lasting, >80% death |
| Virus Clearance | 1 month | 1 week | Ineffective |
| Innate Immunity | |||
| Cells | 1 dpi: Activated Mø | Same + Mø as APC Similar to primary | Mø less resistant to FV3 No NK |
| 3 dpi: NK cells 1 | |||
| Induced genes | dpi: TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, Mx1 | Similar to primary | Delayed (3 dpi) and weaker |
| Adaptive T cell immunity | |||
| Splenic CD8 T cell | Peak at 6 dpi | Peak at 3 dpi but lower expansion | ? |
| CD8 T cell in kidneys | At 6 dpi | At 3 dpi but fewer | ? |
| T cell memory | - | yes | ? |
| Adaptive B cell immunity | |||
| Anti-FV3 antibodies | Not detected | IgY from 10 dpi | Not detected |
| More IgY mRNAs | 6 dpi | 3dpi | 6–7 dpi |
| AID up-regulation | 9 dpi | 3 dpi | 6–7 dpi |
| B cell memory | - | Yes | Possibly |
Abbreviations: AID: activation-induced cytidine deaminase; dpi: days post-infection; Mø: Macrophages.