Algorithm 1.

LS Localization Algorithm with On-Line Path Loss Estimation

fort = 1 to titer1do

Coordinate Estimation:

fort = 1 to titer2do

fori = 1 to N2do

◯i(t) = ◯i(t − 1) + γx ΣjεSi (δij − d̂ij)eij

end for

end for

Path Loss Estimation:

fort = 1 to titer2do

fori = 1 to N2do

forj = 1 to NSido

${\widehat{\alpha }}_{\mathit{ij}}(t)={\widehat{\alpha }}_{\mathit{ij}}(t-1)-{\gamma }_{\alpha }\hspace{0.17em}\text{log}(10)\frac{P_0-{\mathit{RSS}}_{\mathit{ij}}}{5}\frac{1}{{\alpha }_{\mathit{ij}}^2}{\delta }_{\mathit{ij}}({\delta }_{\mathit{ij}}-{\widehat{d}}_{\mathit{ij}})$

${\delta }_{\mathit{ij}}={10}^{\frac{P_0-p_{\mathit{ij}}}{10{\widehat{\alpha }}_{\mathit{ij}}}}$

end for

end for

end for

end for