Table 1.
Characteristics of the DHS participants (n = 2867)
| African American (n = 1825) | European American (n = 1042) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 42.2 | 47.9 | 0.003 |
| Age (years) | 44.8 (10.3) | 44.8 (9.9) | 0.87 |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 31.8 (8.2) | 29.0 (6.6) | 1 × 10−16 |
| Obese (%) | 52.2 | 36.6 | 5.2 × 10−13 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)a | 130.1 (20.0) | 120.0 (15.3) | 9.3 × 10−56 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)a | 81.0 (10.6) | 75.9 (8.8) | 1.9 × 10−41 |
| Hypertension (%) | 41.5 | 20.1 | 2.1 × 10−35 |
| Diabetes (%) | 14.6 | 7.1 | 9.9 × 10−10 |
| ACR (mg/g)b | 3.1 (1.9 to 6.7) | 2.6 (1.7 to 4.1) | 3.2 × 10−10 |
| CKD (%) | |||
| total | 11.9 | 5.1 | 3.4 × 10−4 |
| nondiabetic | 8.6 | 3.9 | 8.2 × 10−4 |
| diabetic | 30.9 | 20.3 | 0.17 |
| Microalbuminuria (%) | |||
| total | 10.5 | 3.5 | 7.7 × 10−6 |
| nondiabetic | 7.5 | 2.4 | 1.7 × 10−5 |
| diabetic | 27.8 | 17.6 | 0.15 |
| GFR4 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (%) | |||
| total | 2.8 | 2.0 | 0.82 |
| nondiabetic | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.78 |
| diabetic | 6.4 | 8.1 | 0.27 |
| GFR6 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (%) | |||
| total | 3.1 | 1.9 | 0.85 |
| nondiabetic | 2.4 | 1.4 | 0.52 |
| diabetic | 7.1 | 8.1 | 0.36 |
| GFR6 < 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | |||
| total | 0.82 | 0 | 0.002 |
Microalbuminuria defined as ACR ≥ 17 mg/g in men or ≥25 mg/g in women. CKD defined as the presence of microalbuminuria and/or GFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
Continuous characteristics are shown as amean (SD) or bmedian (25th to 75th percentile).