Table 4.

Phosphorylated levels of Akt/mTOR pathway intermediates for WP and CHO.

Variable	Time Point	WP	CHO	p-value
IRS-1	Baseline	15.68 ± 9.6	19.52 ± 6.4	Supplement (S) = 0.88
	15 min post-exercise	29.04 ± 6.6†	22.28 ± 11.2	Test (T) = 0.04†#
	120 min post-exercise	25.40 ± 6.0	19.65 ± 9.2	S × T = 0.44
Akt	Baseline	5.04 ± 1.9	6.88 ± 1.1	Supplement (S) = 0.21
	15 min post-exercise	6.04 ± 2.6	5.61 ± 4.1	Test (T) = 0.35
	120 min post-exercise	4.78 ± 1.4	4.58 ± 2.1	S × T = 0.82
mTOR	Baseline	3.34 ± 0.34	3.62 ± 0.19	Supplement (S) = 0.93
	15 min post-exercise	3.75 ± 0.62	3.66 ± 0.27	Test (T) = 0.002†
	120 min post-exercise	3.33 ± 0.19	3.52 ± 0.28	S × T = 0.34
P70S6K	Baseline	8.51 ± 3.2	10.41 ± 3.2	Supplement (S) = 0.96
	15 min post-exercise	14.14 ± 6.6	11.18 ± 2.9	Test (T) = 0.04
	120 min post-exercise	13.32 ± 6.1	11.24 ± 5.0	S × T = 0.74
4E-BP1	Baseline	4.30 ± 2.4	5.33 ± 1.7	Supplement (S) = 0.28
	15 min post-exercise	2.66 ± 1.3†	2.28 ± 1.0	Test (T) = 0.001†
	120 min post-exercise	4.07 ± 1.9#	4.90 ± 1.8	S × T = 0.64

Data are means ± standard deviations.

p70S6K, eIF4E-BP1, AKT and IRS-1 are expressed as U/ml/mg.

mTOR is expressed as absorbance units at 450 nm/mg.

† represents significant difference from baseline at 15 min post-exercise.

# represents significant difference from baseline at 120 min post-exercise.