Table 4.
Prevalence ratios for current cigarette smoking according to categories of individual-level and neighborhood-level SES characteristics from race- and sex-stratified multivariate robust Poisson regression modelsa
| Black males | Black females | White males | White females | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |
| Individual-level variables | ||||||||
| Household income | ||||||||
| < $15, 000 | 1.67 | (1.49-1.88) | 1.68 | (1.43-1.98) | 1.60 | (1.36-1.87) | 2.04 | (1.76-2.36) |
| $15, 000-$25, 000 | 1.50 | (1.33-1.68) | 1.48 | (1.26-1.73) | 1.52 | (1.29-1.78) | 1.86 | (1.60-2.15) |
| $25, 000-$50, 000 | 1.31 | (1.16-1.48) | 1.24 | (1.05-1.47) | 1.35 | (1.14-1.59) | 1.45 | (1.24-1.69) |
| ≥$50, 000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Education (years) | ||||||||
| < 9 | 1.14 | (1.06-1.24) | 1.27 | (1.14-1.41) | 1.31 | (1.15-1.49) | 1.60 | (1.42-1.81) |
| 9- < 12 | 1.26 | (1.18-1.35) | 1.47 | (1.35-1.60) | 1.49 | (1.33-1.67) | 1.54 | (1.37-1.72) |
| 12- < 16 | 1.19 | (1.11-1.27) | 1.27 | (1.17-1.38) | 1.34 | (1.20-1.49) | 1.38 | (1.24-1.54) |
| ≥16 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 0.81 | (0.78-0.84) | 0.81 | (0.78-0.85) | 0.79 | (0.74-0.85) | 0.94 | (0.87-1.02) |
| Separated/Divorced | 1.05 | (1.02-1.07) | 0.90 | (0.87-0.93) | 1.10 | (1.04-1.16) | 1.17 | (1.09-1.26) |
| Widowed | 0.99 | (0.93-1.06) | 0.87 | (0.81-0.92) | 1.23 | (1.10-1.38) | 1.11 | (1.01-1.23) |
| Single/Never married | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Currently working | ||||||||
| Yes | 0.95 | (0.92-0.97) | 0.80 | (0.77-0.83) | 0.95 | (0.90-1.00) | 0.84 | (0.80-0.89) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Neighborhood-level variables | ||||||||
| Household income | ||||||||
| < $18, 879 | 0.99 | (0.93-1.06) | 0.97 | (0.88-1.08) | 0.98 | (0.87-1.10) | 0.92 | (0.81-1.04) |
| $18, 879 - < $26, 094 | 1.00 | (0.94-1.06) | 1.02 | (0.94-1.11) | 0.92 | (0.84-1.01) | 0.95 | (0.87-1.04) |
| $26, 094 - < $34, 583 | 0.99 | (0.94-1.04) | 0.99 | (0.92-1.06) | 0.98 | (0.92-1.05) | 0.97 | (0.91-1.03) |
| ≥$34, 583 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Percent adults with ≥ HS education b | ||||||||
| < 57.8% | 0.97 | (0.92-1.03) | 1.02 | (0.93-1.10) | 1.00 | (0.90-1.12) | 1.02 | (0.92-1.13) |
| 57.8% - < 67.5% | 0.97 | (0.92-1.02) | 1.02 | (0.95-1.10) | 0.95 | (0.86-1.04) | 1.00 | (0.92-1.09) |
| 67.5% - < 77.3% | 0.99 | (0.95-1.04) | 1.00 | (0.94-1.07) | 1.02 | (0.95-1.09) | 1.02 | (0.96-1.09) |
| ≥77.3% | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Percent adults with ≥ college graduationb | ||||||||
| < 5.8% | 1.06 | (1.01-1.12) | 1.15 | (1.07-1.24) | 1.00 | (0.92-1.10) | 1.02 | (0.94-1.12) |
| 5.8 - < 10.3% | 1.08 | (1.03-1.13) | 1.08 | (1.01-1.16) | 0.98 | (0.90-1.07) | 1.01 | (0.94-1.10) |
| 10.3 - < 17.1% | 1.03 | (0.99-1.08) | 1.03 | (0.97-1.10) | 0.98 | (0.91-1.05) | 1.02 | (0.96-1.09) |
| ≥17.1% | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Percent households owner occupied | ||||||||
| < 43% | 1.20 | (1.14-1.26) | 1.34 | (1.25-1.44) | 1.08 | (0.99-1.17) | 1.05 | (0.96-1.14) |
| 43 - < 63% | 1.14 | (1.08-1.19) | 1.22 | (1.15-1.31) | 1.04 | (0.97-1.12) | 1.05 | (0.99-1.12) |
| 63 - < 80% | 1.10 | (1.05-1.16) | 1.15 | (1.08-1.23) | 0.98 | (0.92-1.04) | 0.97 | (0.92-1.03) |
| ≥80% | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Median owner-occupied household value | ||||||||
| < $44, 300 | 0.91 | (0.87-0.95) | 0.88 | (0.82-0.94) | 0.95 | (0.86-1.04) | 1.07 | (0.98-1.17) |
| $44, 300 - < $57, 300 | 0.94 | (0.90-0.98) | 0.92 | (0.86-0.98) | 0.98 | (0.90-1.06) | 0.99 | (0.92-1.08) |
| $57, 300 - < $77, 400 | 0.97 | (0.93-1.01) | 0.98 | (0.92-1.04) | 1.03 | (0.96-1.10) | 1.05 | (0.98-1.11) |
| ≥$77, 400 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Percent households with interest, dividends, or net rental income | ||||||||
| < 8.0% | 1.04 | (0.98-1.09) | 1.05 | (0.96-1.13) | 1.20 | (1.08-1.33) | 1.02 | (0.91-1.13) |
| 8.0 - < 14.7% | 1.05 | (1.00-1.11) | 1.02 | (0.95-1.10) | 1.12 | (1.03-1.21) | 1.00 | (0.92-1.08) |
| 14.7 - < 24.1% | 1.03 | (0.98-1.08) | 0.99 | (0.93-1.06) | 1.03 | (0.97-1.09) | 1.02 | (0.97-1.08) |
| ≥24.1% | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Percent employed | ||||||||
| < 49.5% | 1.02 | (0.98-1.07) | 1.07 | (1.00-1.15) | 0.99 | (0.91-1.08) | 0.99 | (0.91-1.07) |
| 49.5% - < 56.9% | 1.00 | (0.95-1.04) | 1.07 | (1.00-1.15) | 0.97 | (0.90-1.04) | 0.98 | (0.91-1.05) |
| 56.9% - < 64.1% | 0.99 | (0.95-1.03) | 1.04 | (0.98-1.11) | 0.97 | (0.92-1.04) | 1.04 | (0.98-1.09) |
| ≥64.1% | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
aEach race and gender-specific column represents a single Poisson regression model that includes all individual-level and all neighborhood-level characteristics listed in the Table as well as participant age and duration of residency in the current home as reported during the baseline interview
bAmong adults age 25 and older