Table 7.
Synopsis of effects of RHP and GLGPG on cellular processes
| Type of mediators | Effect of RHP and GLGPG | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In murine macrophages | In human PBL | In chondrocytes | Possible consequences of reduced expression or production | |
|
Chemokines (chemokine family) |
||||
| MIP-1α (CC) | Not significant | Reduced by GLGPG | -a | Recruitment of monocytes, T cells, B cells and eosinophils reduced by GLGPG |
| MIP-1β (CC) | -a | Reduced by GLGPG | -a | Recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils reduced by GLGPG |
| MIP-3α (CC) | -a | Reduced | Reduced | Recruitment of T lymphocytes reduced |
| CCL5/RANTES (CC) | Not significant | Reduced | Reduced | Recruitment of leukocytes diminished |
| MIP-2 (CXC) | -a | Not significant | Reduced by RHP | Recruitment of neutrophils diminished by RHP |
| IL-8 (CXC) | -a | Reduced | Reduced by RHP | Mainly reduced recruitment of neutrophils |
| CXCL10/IP-10 (CXC) | Reduced | Reduced | -a | Recruitment of activated T cells diminished |
| Interleukins/cytokines | ||||
| IL-10 | Increased | Increased | -a | Enhancement of anti-inflammatory processes |
| IL-1α | Reduced | Reduced | Reduced | Attenuation of inflammatory processes |
| IL-1β | Reduced | Not significant | Reduced | Attenuation of inflammatory processes |
| IL-6 | Unchanged | Unchanged | Reduced by RHP | Modulation of inflammatory processes in OA and RA |
| TNF-α | Reduced | Reduced | -a | Effects on initiation and progression of RA |
| Growth & differentiation factors | ||||
| G-CSF | Unchanged | Increased by RHP | Not significant | Modulation of immune response |
| GM-CSF | Unchanged | Increased by RHP | Not significant | Modulation of immune response |
| VEGF | -a | Increased by RHP | Not significant | Promotes angiogenesis |
| IFN-γ | Unchanged | Reduced | Not significant | Altered immune response |
a- = not measured