Table 1.

List of partially characterized proteases organized by mechanism of proteolysis in Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum. Cited references are representative papers from studies of each protease listed.

Protease Class	Protease	Apicomplexan species	Implicated function in asexual stage	Protease function and localization	Literature
Aspartyl	Plasmepsins I–IV	Plasmodium falciparum	Growth and Replication	Hemoglobin degradation in food vacuole	[55], [60]
	Plasmepsin V	Plasmodium falciparum	Growth and Replication	PEXEL processing for export into the erythrocytic cytosol; localized to the ER	[99], [100]
Cysteine	TgCPB/Toxopain-1	Toxoplasma gondii	Invasion	Rhoptry protein processing; localized to the rhoptries	[48]
	TgCPCs	Toxoplasma gondii	Growth and Replication	Cleavage of dipeptides from N-terminal in cytosol, exact functions unknown	[97]
	TgCPL	Toxoplasma gondii	Invasion	Maturation of micronemal proteins; localized in the vacuolar compartment	[50]
	PfDPAP1	Plasmodium falciparum	Growth and Replication	Involved in later stages of hemoglobin degradation in food vacuole	[77], [78]
	PfDPAP3	Plasmodium falciparum	Egress	Facilitates PfSUB1 maturation in apical end of merozoites (unpublished)l	[107]
	Falcipain-1	Plasmodium falciparum	Invasion	Exact functions unknown; localized to apical end of merozoites	[45], [46]
	Falcipain-2,2',3	Plasmodium falciparum	Growth and Replication	Hemoglobin degradation in food vacuole	[69], [70], [74]
Metalloprotease	Falcilysin	Plasmodium falciparum	Growth and Replication	Involved in later stages of hemoglobin degradation in food vacuole	[64], [66]
	PfM1AAP and PfM17LAP	Plasmodium falciparum	Growth and Replication	Involved in terminal stages of hemoglobin degradation in food vacuole	[80], [82]
	Toxolysin 4	Toxoplasma gondii	Invasion/Egress	Exact function unknown; localized to micronemes	[51]
Serine	PfSUB1	Plasmodium falciparum	Invasion and egress	Processing of merozoite surface and parasitophorous vacuole (PV) constituents prior to egress; localized to the exonemes	[23], [24], [107]
	PfSUB2	Plasmodium falciparum	Invasion	Surface protein sheddase;localized to the micronemes	[26]
	TgSUB1	Toxoplasma gondii	Invasion	Processes micronemal proteins involved in host cell attachment; localized to the micronemes	[30]
	TgSUB2	Toxoplasma gondii	Invasion	Maturation of rhoptry proteins; localized to the rhoptries	[31]
	PfSERA5	Plasmodium falciparum	Egress	Potential role in egress; localized to the PV	[110], [114]
	TgROM2,4,5	Toxoplasma gondii	Invasion	Surface protein sheddase;localized to tachyzoite plasma membrane	[38]
	PfROM1 and 4	Plasmodium falciparum	Invasion	Surface protein sheddase;localized to merozoite plasma membrane	[42]
Threonine	PfHslV	Plasmodium falciparum	Growth and Replication	Possible function as peptidase, but targets unknown; localized to mitochondria	[141], [142]
	Proteasome	Plasmodium and Toxoplasma	Growth and Replication	General protein degradation; Regulates protein turnover; localization unknown	[94], [140]