Table 3.
Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) between and within-subject effects for group, time, and group × time interaction by assigned housing group for Evangel Hall supportive housing study participants with complete follow-up data (n = 89)
| Variablea | Mean score | ANOVA results | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6-Month follow-up | 12-Month follow-up | 18-Month follow-up | Group | Time | Group × time | ||||||||
| I | UC | I | UC | I | UC | I | UC | F | p Value | F | p Valueb | F | p Valueb | |
| Health status (SF-36) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical composite score | 46.1 | 42.7 | 46.2 | 43.6 | 46.1 | 42.4 | 46.0 | 42.6 | 2.14 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.90 | 0.11 | 0.94 |
| Mental composite score | 38.8 | 42.6 | 36.2 | 40.7 | 37.9 | 40.7 | 36.5 | 42.1 | 3.53 | 0.06 | 0.99 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.74 |
| Quality of Life (EQ-5D) | ||||||||||||||
| Health index | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.69 | 0.20 | 0.71 | 0.54 | 0.04 | 0.99 |
| Quality of Life (Lehman) | ||||||||||||||
| General life satisfaction | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 0.11 | 0.74 | 3.61 | 0.02 | 1.99 | 0.12 |
| Satisfaction with living situation | 2.6 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 15.24 | <0.01 | 47.68 | <0.01 | 14.60 | <0.01 |
| Satisfaction with daily activities | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.35 | 0.78 | 2.90 | 0.04 |
| Satisfaction with family contactc | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 1.59 | 0.22 | 1.32 | 0.27 | 0.76 | 0.49 |
| Satisfaction with social relations | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.83 | 0.48 | 3.09 | 0.03 |
| Satisfaction with finances | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 0.79 | 0.38 | 6.98 | <0.01 | 1.38 | 0.25 |
| Job satisfactiond | 3.6 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 6.0 | 3.1 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 1.26 | 0.38 | 3.89 | 0.17 | 1.34 | 0.37 |
| Satisfaction with safety | 4.1 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 2.23 | 0.14 | 14.03 | <0.01 | 1.72 | 0.17 |
| Satisfaction with health | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 0.14 | 0.71 | 0.17 | 0.90 | 1.38 | 0.25 |
| Alcohol use in past 6 months composite score (AUDIT) | 4.2 | 9.5 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 5.7 | 8.8 | 5.9 | 9.4 | 2.58 | 0.11 | 0.63 | 0.58 | 2.07 | 0.11 |
| Drug use in past 6 months composite score (DAST-20) | 1.4 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 6.04 | 0.02 | 0.70 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.61 |
| Number of visits to health care sources in past 6 months | ||||||||||||||
| Hospitalizations, overnight | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.03 | 0.31 | 0.40 | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.54 |
| Emergency room visits | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.07 | 0.79 | 0.61 | 0.58 | 1.09 | 0.35 |
| Psychiatrist visits | 2.9 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2.09 | 0.15 | 1.27 | 0.29 | 0.73 | 0.51 |
| Other health professional visits | 10.7 | 11.5 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 11.1 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 8.9 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 1.15 | 0.32 | 0.63 | 0.56 |
| Days spent in various residences in past 6 months | ||||||||||||||
| Own place | 128.8 | 93.5 | 179.5 | 124.3 | 175.7 | 130.8 | 173.1 | 143.9 | 16.64 | <0.01 | 20.05 | <0.01 | 1.35 | 0.26 |
| Friends/family | 19.7 | 22.4 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 0.73 | 0.39 | 11.74 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.96 |
| Shelter | 19.7 | 37.6 | 0.1 | 15.0 | 0.8 | 23.7 | 0.0 | 14.6 | 5.67 | 0.02 | 10.86 | <0.01 | 0.40 | 0.68 |
| Drug treatment | 4.6 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.12 | 0.73 | 1.55 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.79 |
| Jail | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 0.0 | 4.7 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 2.30 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.52 |
| Institution | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 0.90 | 0.34 | 7.29 | <0.01 | 1.01 | 0.33 |
| Street | 4.0 | 21.2 | 0.0 | 32.9 | 1.5 | 13.3 | 0.0 | 8.8 | 7.71 | <0.01 | 3.80 | 0.02 | 3.79 | 0.02 |
| Days spent stably housed in past 6 months | 148.5 | 115.9 | 179.6 | 126.4 | 175.8 | 134.3 | 178.0 | 150.8 | 15.65 | <0.01 | 9.96 | <0.01 | 1.74 | 0.17 |
I intervention, UC usual care
aExcludes participants with missing data for at least one follow-up interview (n = 23)
bGreenhouse–Geisser correction applied to adjust p value in instances where sphericity assumption was violated
cData only available for n = 30 participants who were in contact with their families
dData only available for n = 4 participants who had a job