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Development of the microbiome in early life. Subsequent to the sterile uterine environment, colonization begins at birth with facultative bacteria (blue) colonizing the GIT immediately. The anaerobic bacteria colonize later (orange). By 1 year of age the microbiome has a stable adult-like signature. Rodents follow a similar colonization pattern to humans and this forms the rationale for the use of germ free animals to study the impact of the microbiota.
