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. 2011 Dec;79(12):4923–4932. doi: 10.1128/IAI.05601-11

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Relationship between IL-18 genotypes/haplotypes and SMA. The cross-sectional associations between genotypes/haplotypes and SMA (Hb < 5.0 g/dl) were determined in children with malaria (n = 523). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using multivariate logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, gender, G6PD deficiency, HIV-1 and sickle cell trait status, and presence of bacteremia. To determine the impact of each genotype on susceptibility to SMA, individuals with the homozygous wild-type variant (GG for −137 [a] and CC for −607 [b]) were used as the reference groups. (c) Similarly, to determine the association between haplotypes and susceptibility to SMA, individuals without the haplotype were used as the reference group. The diamonds and error bars represent the ORs and 95% CIs associated with susceptibility to SMA. Numbers at the top represent significance (P values), while the n values at the bottom represent the numbers of children with the genotype/haplotype.