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Role of BFIs in ant-fungus mutualism. Nutrient flows and inhibitory interactions between organisms are indicated by arrows and blocked arrowheads, respectively. Major inputs of carbon (plant biomass) and nitrogen (plant biomass and nitrogen-fixing bacteria) provide the raw materials to support the web of interactions and are indicated with bold arrows. Ants transfer pathogenic Escovopsis fungi to their infrabuccal pocket during sanitization of the fungus garden.
