Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors associated with microbiologic clearance of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae from urinea
| Variable | Univariate |
Multivariateb |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (yr) | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) | 0.087 | ||
| Male | 0.84 (0.44-1.60) | 0.591 | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index (weighted comorbidity) | 0.95 (0.81-1.10) | 0.487 | ||
| Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.80 (0.62-1.03) | 0.088 | ||
| Urinary tract abnormalityc | 0.71 (0.32-1.60) | 0.412 | 0.47 (0.16-1.36) | 0.163 |
| MPM3 score (% mortality) | 0.97 (0.94-1.00) | 0.046 | 0.95 (0.91-0.98) | 0.005 |
| Index culture colony count of >105 CFU/ml | 0.81 (0.41-1.63) | 0.563 | ||
| Polymicrobial index culturec | 1.14 (0.43-3.00) | 0.796 | ||
| Pyuria (>5 WBC/HPF) | 0.76 (0.35-1.66) | 0.486 | ||
| Catheter associatedc | 0.67 (0.36-1.27) | 0.222 | ||
| Fever (temp of ≥38.0°C) | 3.36 (1.40-8.00) | 0.006 | 3.75 (1.27-11.02) | 0.016 |
| WBC count (blood) (×103/μl) | 1.00 (0.95-1.06) | 0.974 | ||
| Patient location | ||||
| Inpatient, not ICU | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Inpatient, ICU | 1.36 (0.50-3.68) | 0.550 | ||
| Outpatient | 0.55 (0.20-1.55) | 0.261 | ||
| Inpatient service | ||||
| Medical | 1.00 | Ref | ||
| Surgical | 0.86 (0.38-1.97) | 0.726 | ||
| Other inpatient service | 1.26 (0.42-3.75) | 0.681 | ||
| N/A (Outpatient) | 0.53 (0.18-1.51) | 0.233 | ||
| ICU stay within past 30 days | 0.89 (0.46-1.70) | 0.722 | ||
| Urinary catheter retentiond | 0.50 (0.19-1.29) | 0.151 | 0.62 (0.19-2.09) | 0.445 |
| Input from infectious diseasesc | 1.63 (0.86-3.07) | 0.135 | ||
| Duration of active antimicrobial until follow-up culture (days) | 1.20 (1.08-1.33) | 0.001 | ||
| Receipt of active antimicrobial on the day of the follow-up culture | 3.47 (1.66-7.26) | 0.001 | 2.47 (0.75-8.07) | 0.136 |
| ≥3 days of an inactive Gram-negative antimicrobial before follow-up culture | 4.45 (2.06-9.62) | <0.001 | 2.70 (0.83-8.75) | 0.097 |
| Duration between index and follow-up cultures (days) | 1.02 (0.95-1.10) | 0.542 | ||
| Antimicrobial cohort | ||||
| Aminoglycoside | 1.00 | Ref | 1.00 | Ref |
| Polymyxin B | 0.25 (0.07-0.85) | 0.027 | 0.10 (0.02-0.47) | 0.003 |
| Tigecycline | 0.10 (0.03-0.37) | <0.001 | 0.08 (0.02-0.35) | 0.001 |
| Untreated | 0.08 (0.03-0.23) | <0.001 | 0.14 (0.04-0.51) | 0.003 |
a
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference group.
b
All variables were initially entered into the multivariate model, but only those with P values of <0.10 in the multivariate model plus urinary tract abnormality, urinary catheter retention, and receipt of active antimicrobial on the day of the follow-up culture were included in the final model.
c
Definitions can be found in the footnotes to Table 1.
d
Indwelling urinary catheter at the time of index culture, with the catheter not removed or exchanged before the follow-up culture.