Regulation of RpoS expression by c-di-GMP in the absence of HapR. Strains AJB504 (ΔluxO), AJB503 (ΔhapR), and HX03 (ΔhapR ΔvpsT), containing the rpoS-FLAG reporter and the VCA0956 expression vector, as well as strains AJB503 and N16961-FLAG, containing the QrgB expression vector, were grown to an OD600 of 2.0 (time zero). At this stage, cultures were divided in halves; one half was induced by adding l-arabinose for VCA0956 or IPTG for QrgB, and the other half was used as a control. Samples were taken at different time points for Western blot analysis of RpoS-FLAG expression.