Table 5.
Biofilm formation by marine antibacterial strains and their killing and antiadhesive effect against Pseudoalteromonas S91 and antisettlement effect against Ulva australis
| Species and strain | Pigmentation | Biofilm formation on stainless steela | Biofilm formation on plasticb | Reduced no. of adhered S91 cellsc | Reduced no. of S91 cells in suspensiond | Reduced no. of settled Ulva zoosporese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. piscicida | ||||||
| A23a-4a | Yellow | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| A38q-4a | Yellow | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| B39bio | Yellow | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | ++ |
| P. tunicata | ||||||
| J49q-3a | Purple | +++ | ++ | +++ | + | +++ |
| J36q-4a | Yellow | +++ | + | +++ | ++ | +++ |
| J38a-5a | Yellow | +++ | + | +++ | + | +++ |
| P. ulvae | ||||||
| H34q-5a | Purple | +++ | +++ | +++ | + | ++ |
| A24a-4a | Purple | ++ | +++ | +++ | + | ++ |
| P. agarivorans | ||||||
| F55bio | Beige | ++ | ++ | + | + | +++ |
| P. aliena | ||||||
| F51a-1b | White | ++ | ++ | +++ | + | ++ |
| P. antarctica | ||||||
| B54q-3a | Black | ++ | + | + | + | +++ |
| E45q-4a | Brown | ++ | + | + | + | − |
| Vibrio sp. | ||||||
| A31bio | White | ++ | +++ | − | + | − |
| A32bio | White | ++ | ++ | − | − | + |
| B37bio | White | + | + | − | − | − |
| Photobacterium sp. | ||||||
| K29bio | Light yellow | ++ | + | − | + | − |
| J46bio | White | ++ | + | − | − | − |
| H38bio | White | ++ | + | + | + | +++ |
| I46bio | White | ++ | + | ++ | + | − |
| Phaeobacter sp. | ||||||
| A36a-5a | Brown | +++ | +++ | + | ++ | − |
| A49a-4a | Brown | ++ | +++ | + | ++ | − |
| A40a-4a | Brown | ++ | +++ | + | ++ | − |
| Controls | ||||||
| P. tunicata | ||||||
| D2 | Purple | +++ | ++ | +++ | + | +++ |
| Phaeobacter | ||||||
| 27-4 | Brown | +++ | +++ | + | ++ | − |
The amount of bacterial cells was quantified by plate count on marine agar after removal by ultrasonication. +, <6 log CFU/cm2; ++, between 6 and 7 log CFU/cm2; +++, >7 log CFU/cm2.
The amount of biofilm after crystal violet staining, measured at the OD550. +, OD550 of <0.5; ++, OD550 between 0.5 and 1.5; +++, OD550 of >1.5.
Log reduction (CFU/cm2) of adhered Pseudoalteromonas S91 after 4 h of incubation compared to that on marine broth-coated surfaces. −, <0.5 log reduction; +, between 0.5 and 1.5 log reduction; ++, between 1.5 and 3 log reduction; +++, >3 log reduction.
Killing of Pseudoalteromonas S91 after 4 h of incubation. −, <0.5 log reduction; +, between 0.5 and 1.5 log reduction; ++, between 1.5 and 3.0 log reduction; +++, >3 log reduction.
Settlement of Ulva australis spores on bacterial biofilm compared to that on marine broth-coated surfaces. −, >90% settlement; +, between 50 and 90% settlement; ++, between 10 and 50% settlement; +++, <10% settlement.