Table 2.
Factors Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis Among 480 Observations of HIV-Infected Women
| |
|
GEE adjusted |
Multivariable |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic (n) | BV n (%) | OR | 95% CI | p | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p |
| Race | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic white (121) | 7 (5.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic black (315) | 75 (23.81) | 4.94 | 2.19-11.17 | 0.0001 | 3.53 | 1.45-8.63 | 0.006 |
| Other (44) | 1 (2.27) | 0.41 | 0.05-3.44 | 0.41 | 0.5 | 0.39-3.22 | 0.36 |
| Vitamin D, ng/mL | |||||||
| >30 (86) | 5 (5.81) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| >20–30 (108) | 16 (14.81) | 2.56 | 1.06-6.15 | 0.04 | 2.20 | 0.79-6.17 | 0.13 |
| ≤20 (286) | 62 (21.68) | 4.11 | 1.79-9.49 | 0.001 | 3.12 | 1.16-8.38 | 0.02 |
| Sex partners in last 6 months | |||||||
| 0 (162) | 13 (8.02) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1 (272) | 56 (20.59) | 2.94 | 1.59-5.44 | 0.0006 | 2.30 | 1.1.13-4.67 | 0.02 |
| 2 (31) | 9 (29.03) | 4.29 | 1.79-10.31 | 0.001 | 3.65 | 1.33-10.04 | 0.01 |
| >2 (15) | 5 (33.33) | 4.70 | 1.20-18.41 | 0.026 | 3.32 | 0.77-14.36 | 0.11 |
| Age <40 years (206) | 46 (22.33) | 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.46-1.45 | 0.49 | ||
| Age ≥40 years (274) | 37 (13.50) | 0.61 | 0.37-0.99 | 0.04 | 1.00 | ||
| Current smoker (252) | 53 (21.03) | 1.55 | 0.93-2.57 | 0.09 | |||
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||
| Abstinent (267) | 41 (15.36) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Light (<3 drinks/week) (128) | 21 (16.41) | 1.10 | 0.60-2.00 | 0.77 | 1.43 | 0.73-2.76 | 0.29 |
| Moderate-heavy (≥3 drinks/week) (85) | 21 (24.71) | 1.76 | 1.03-2.98 | 0.004 | 1.53 | 0.83-2.83 | 0.17 |
| Educational attainment | |||||||
| Less than high school (186) | 43 (23.12) | 3.69 | 1.80-7.55 | 0.0004 | 3.32 | 1.56-7.06 | 0.002 |
| Completed high school (125) | 28 (22.40) | 3.36 | 1.56-7.22 | 0.002 | 3.17 | 1.44-6.99 | 0.004 |
| Some college (169) | 12 (7.10) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Current use of hormonal contraceptives (31) | 4 (12.90) | 0.70 | 0.25-1.94 | 0.50 | |||
| Use of antibiotics in last 6 months (31) | 5 (16.13) | 1.07 | 0.48-2.35 | 0.87 | |||
| Postmenopausal (89) | 6 (6.74) | 0.36 | 0.16-0.81 | 0.01 | 0.42 | 0.15-1.15 | 0.09 |
| HPV infection (215) | 38 (17.67) | 0.99 | 0.59-1.66 | 0.97 | |||
| HAART use | |||||||
| No (280) | 56 (20.0) | ||||||
| Yes (200) | 27 (13.5) | 0.68 | 0.45-1.05 | 0.08 | |||
| CD4 count | |||||||
| >500 (163) | 23 (14.1) | 1.00 | 1.0 | ||||
| 200–500 (213) | 34 (16.0) | 1.13 | 0.64-2.01 | 0.67 | 1.19 | 0.62-2.26 | 0.60 |
| <200 (104) | 26 (25.0) | 1.98 | 1.07-3.67 | 0.03 | 1.89 | 0.94-3.80 | 0.08 |
| Mean log HIV RNA | 8.42 vs 7.32 | 1.11a | 1.03-1.19 | 0.001 | |||
a
For linear values, statistics are t tests.
CI, confidence interval; GEE, generalized estimating equation; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HPV, human papillomavirus.