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. 2011 Nov 17;12(11):8063–8085. doi: 10.3390/ijms12118063

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© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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The involvement of histone modifications in cell decisions following UV damage. Chromatin consists of DNA wrapped around nucleosomes in higher order structures. UV damage causes damage to this DNA in the form of photolesions, influencing the recruitment of ATM/ATR, SWI/SNF and an arrangement of NER proteins. ATM/ATR is responsible for the phosphorylation of histone H2AX, serving as a binding site for various repair and checkpoint proteins. This is followed by H2A/H2B ubiquitylation and H3 methylation, as well as acetylation of H3 and H4 histones, leading to repair synthesis. However, if repair is not possible, histone H2B is phosphorylated, influencing apoptosis.