Table 2.
Growth form, life cycle, growth location, edible parts and additional uses of wild food plants.
| Scientific name | Growth form/Life cycle | Growth location(s) | Edible part(s) | Additional use(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aizoaceae | ||||
| Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug.DC. | terrestrial herb/A | rice field | whole aerial parts | |
| Amaranthaceae | ||||
| Amaranthus viridis L. | terrestrial herb/A | rice field, home garden | shoot, whole aerial parts | medicine, fodder |
| Anacardiaceae | ||||
| Mangifera caloneura Kurz | tree/P | woods, upland fields | fruit | timber, domestic |
| Spondias pinnata Kurz | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields, roadside | leaves, fruit | medicine, timber |
| Annonaceae | ||||
| Polyalthia debilis Finet & Gagnep. | shrub/P | home garden, woods, upland fields | fruit | medicine |
| Polyalthia evecta Finet & Gagnep. | tree/P | home garden, woods, upland fields | fruit | medicine |
| Uvaria pierrei Finet & Gagnep. | climber/P | home garden, woods | fruit | |
| Araceae | ||||
| Amorphophallus sp. | terrestrial herb/A | rice field, woods | shoot | |
| Araliaceae | ||||
| Irvingia malayana Oliver | tree/P | rice field, woods | seed | medicine, timber, fuel, fodder |
| Arecaceae | ||||
| Borassus flabellifer L. | tree/P | rice field, home garden, upland fields | flower, fruit, stem | medicine, handicraft |
| Calamus sp. | rattan/P | rice field, home garden, upland fields | shoot, fruit | domestic |
| Asclepiadaceae | ||||
| Telosma minor Craib | climber/P | rice field, home garden, woods | shoot, flower, fruit | medicine |
| Basellaceae | ||||
| Basella rubra L. | climber/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields | shoot | medicine |
| Bignoniaceae | ||||
| Dolichandrone serrulata Seem. | tree/P | woods | flower | medicine |
| Oroxylum indicum Vent. | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields | shoot, flower, fruit | medicine |
| Burseraceae | ||||
| Canarium subulatum Guillaumin | tree/P | woods | seed | medicine, fuel, fodder |
| Campanulaceae | ||||
| Lobelia begonifolia Wall. | terrestrial herb/A | rice field | whole aerial parts | |
| Lobelia sp. | terrestrial herb/A | rice field | whole aerial parts | |
| Clusiaceae | ||||
| Cratoxylum formosum (Jack) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Dyer | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods | shoot, leaves, flower | fuel, domestic, dye |
| Garcinia cowa Roxb. | tree/P | rice field, woods | shoot, fruit | |
| Compositae | ||||
| Blumea balsamifera DC. | terrestrial herb/P | rice field | shoot | medicine, ritual |
| Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. | terrestrial herb/A | rice field | whole aerial parts | |
| Convolvulaceae | ||||
| Cuscuta chinensis Lam. | climber/A | rice field, home garden, roadside | whole aerial parts | |
| Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. | terrestrial herb/P | roadside | shoot | medicine, fodder |
| Cucurbitaceae | ||||
| Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt | climber/P | home garden, roadside | shoot, flower, fruit | medicine, fodder |
| Momordica charantia L. | climber/A | rice field, home garden | shoot, fruit | medicine |
| Ebenaceae | ||||
| Diospyros rhodocalyx Kurz | tree/P | rice field, home garden | fruit | medicine |
| Euphorbiaceae | ||||
| Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels | tree/P | rice field, home garden | shoot, fruit | medicine, ritual |
| Fagaceae | ||||
| Castanopsis sp. | tree/P | woods | seed | medicine, fuel |
| Gnetaceae | ||||
| Gnetum sp. | tree/P | rice field, woods | seed | |
| Hydrocharitaceae | ||||
| Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. | aquatic herb/P | rice field, swamps | whole aerial parts | |
| Hydrophyllaceae | ||||
| Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) J.Vahl | aquatic herb/A | rice field, swamps | shoot, flower | medicine |
| Lauraceae | ||||
| Cassytha filiformis L. | climber/P | rice field, home garden | leaves, flower, stalk of flower, stem | |
| Lecythidaceae | ||||
| Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. | tree/P | rice field, home garden | shoot, flower | |
| Careya arborea Roxb. | tree/P | woods, upland fields | shoot, flower | |
| Leguminosae | ||||
| Adenanthera pavonina L. | tree/P | home garden, woods | shoot, flower | |
| Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. | shrub/P | rice field, home garden, upland fields | seed | medicine |
| Cassia siamea Lam. | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields, roadside | shoot | medicine, cleaning |
| Dialium cochinchinense Pierre | tree/P | woods, upland fields | fruit | medicine, domestic |
| Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields, roadside | shoot, leaves, fruit | medicine, fuel, fodder, auxiliary |
| Neptunia javanica Miq. | terrestrial herb/P | home garden, roadside, swamps | shoot | |
| Neptunia oleracea Lour. | aquatic herb/p | rice field, swamps | shoot | |
| Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. | tree/P | rice field, home garden, roadside | fruit | fuel |
| Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. | shrub/P | rice field, home garden | shoot, flower, fruit | medicine |
| Sindora siamensis Teijsm. ex Miq. | tree/P | rice field, woods, upland fields | fruit | medicine |
| Tamarindus indica L. | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields, roadside | shoot, fruit | medicine, timber, fuel, fodder, dye, cleaning |
| Xylia xylocarpa Taub. var kerrii (Craib & Hutch) I.C. Nielsen | tree/P | rice field, woods, upland fields | seed | medicine, timber |
| Liliaceae | ||||
| Asparagus racemosus Willd. | terrestrial herb/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields | shoot | |
| Limnocharitaceae | ||||
| Limnocharis flava Buchenau | aquatic herb/A | rice field, swamps | shoot, flower, stalk of flower, fruit | |
| Marsileaceae | ||||
| Marsilea crenata C.Presl | aquatic herb/P | rice field | whole aerial parts | medicine |
| Meliaceae | ||||
| Azadirachta indica A.Juss. var. indica | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields | shoot, flower | medicine, auxiliary |
| Azadirachta indica A.Juss. var. siamensis Valeton | tree/P | rice field, home garden | shoot, flower | medicine, timber, auxiliary |
| Menispermaceae | ||||
| Cissampelos pareira L. | climber/P | home garden, woods, upland fields | shoot, leaves | medicine |
| Tiliacora triandra Diels | climber/P | home garden, woods, upland fields | shoot, leaves | medicine, domestic |
| Menyanthaceae | ||||
| Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze | aquatic herb/P | swamps | shoot | |
| Moraceae | ||||
| Artocarpus lacucha Roxb. | tree/P | rice field, woods, upland fields | fruit | medicine, handicraft, chewing |
| Myrtaceae | ||||
| Psidium guajava L. | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields, roadside | fruit | medicine |
| Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields | fruit | medicine |
| Syzygium gratum (Wight) S.N.Mitra | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields | shoot, fruit | |
| Nymphaeaceae | ||||
| Nymphaea pubescens Willd. | aquatic herb/P | rice field, swamps | stalk of flower | medicine |
| Onagraceae | ||||
| Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H.Hara | aquatic herb/A | rice field, swamps | shoot, leaves, stem | medicine, fodder |
| Opiliaceae | ||||
| Melientha suavis Pierre | tree/P | woods | shoot, flower | |
| Passifloraceae | ||||
| Adenia viridiflora Craib | climber/A | woods, upland fields | shoot, fruit | medicine |
| Passiflora foetida L. | climber/A | rice field, home garden, upland fields, roadside | shoot, fruit | |
| Poaceae | ||||
| Bambusa sp. | bamboo/P | rice field, home garden, woods | shoot | fuel, handicraft, fodder |
| Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss | bamboo/P | rice field, woods, upland fields | shoot | handicraft, fodder |
| Vietnamosasa ciliata (A.Camus) T.Q.Nguyen | bamboo P | woods | shoot | handicraft, fodder |
| Pontederiaceae | ||||
| Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms | aquatic herb/P | rice field, swamps | shoot, flower | handicraft, fodder |
| Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms | aquatic herb/A-P | rice field, swamps | shoot, flower, stalk of flower | handicraft, fodder |
| Monochoria vaginalis C.Presl | aquatic herb/A-P | rice field, swamps | whole aerial parts | medicine |
| Rhamnaceae | ||||
| Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields, roadside | fruit | timber, fuel, dye |
| Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. | shrub/P | rice field, home garden, woods | fruit | medicine |
| Rubiaceae | ||||
| Oxyceros horridus Lour. | shrub/P | home garden, woods | shoot, leaves | medicine |
| Rothmannia wittii (Craib) Bremek. | tree/P | woods | fruit | |
| Rutaceae | ||||
| Aegle marmelos Corrêa | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods, upland fields | shoot, fruit | medicine, ritual |
| Sapindaceae | ||||
| Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh. | tree/P | rice field, home garden, woods | fruit | medicine |
| Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz | tree/P | home garden, woods, upland fields | fruit | medicine, fuel |
| Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken | tree/P | rice field, upland fields | fruit | |
| Scrophulariaceae | ||||
| Limnophila aromatica Merr. | terrestrial herb/A | rice field, home garden | whole aerial parts | medicine |
| Umbelliferae | ||||
| Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. | terrestrial herb/P | rice field, home garden | whole aerial parts | medicine |
| Oenanthe javanica DC. | terrestrial herb/P | swamps | shoot | |
| Zingiberaceae | ||||
| Alpinia malaccensis C.Presl | terrestrial herb/P | rice field, woods | shoot, flower, stem | medicine, auxiliary |
| Curcuma singularis Gagnep. | terrestrial herb/P | woods | flower | medicine |
| Curcuma sp. | terrestrial herb/P | woods | flower, stalk of flower | medicine |
| Zygnemataceae | ||||
| Spirogyra sp. | aquatic herb/A | rice field, swamps | whole aerial parts | medicine |
| Unidentified | ||||
| sp. 1 | tree/P | woods, upland fields | shoot | medicine |
| sp. 2 | aquatic herb/A | swamps | shoot | medicine, fodder |
For life cycle P is perennial and A is annual.