. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 Apr 9;18(10):2925–2936. doi: 10.1245/s10434-011-1706-3

Table 4.

Multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Models Showing Risk of Overall and Melanoma-specific Mortality, by Receipt of Surgery

	Overall		Melanoma-specific
Characteristic	No Surgery	Surgery	No Surgery	Surgery
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Age	1.007 (1.006–1.008)^a	1.005 (1.004–1.005)^a	1.00 (1.006–1.009)^a	1.00 (1.003–1.004)^a
Sex
Male	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Female	0.90 (0.83–0.99)^b	0.71 (0.68–0.73)^a	0.87 (0.78–0.97)^b	0.65 (0.62–0.68)^a
Race
White	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Black	1.16 (0.82–1.64)	1.64 (1.44–1.86)^a	0.84 (0.51–1.38)	1.50 (1.25–1.79)^a
Others	0.86 (0.64–1.15)	1.05 (0.93–1.19)	0.91 (0.64–1.29)	1.01 (0.84–1.20)
Stage
In situ	1.00	1.00	.26 (0.03–2.16)	0.07 (0.05–0.10)^a
Local	.87 (.59–1.30)	1.31 (1.23–1.40)^a	1.00	1.00
Regional	3.03 (1.83–4.99)^a	3.99 (3.69–4.30)^a	7.03 (4.22–11.73)^a	4.51 (4.26–4.77)^a
Distant	12.59 (7.69–20.60)^a	11.00 (10.01–12.08)^a	30.49 (18.45–50.40)^a	13.51 (12.41–14.71)^a
Unstaged	2.57 (1.58–4.19)^c	2.34 (2.15–2.55)^a	5.67 (3.42–9.40)^a	2.56 (2.37–2.76)^a
Anatomic site
Trunk	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Upper extremity	1.03 (0.83–1.28)	0.97 (0.94–1.01)	0.84 (0.62–1.14)	0.73 (0.69–0.77)^a
Lower extremity	0.99 (0.80–1.24)	0.89 (0.86–0.93)^a	1.04 (0.79–1.38)	0.84 (0.74–0.89)^a
Overlap & NOS	1.42 (1.21–1.68)^a	1.06 (0.99–1.14)	1.20 (0.98–1.47)	0.81 (0.74–0.88)^a
Head and neck	1.48 (1.22–1.77)^a	1.51 (1.46–1.56)^a	0.86 (0.65–1.13)	1.03 (0.98–1.09)
Histologic subtype
in situ	1.00	1.00	0.25 (0.02–2.92)	0.51 (0.32–0.82)^c
MM	2.52 (1.60–3.96)^a	1.75 (1.61–1.90)^a	1.00	1.00
NM	3.39 (1.98–5.78)^a	2.79 (2.55–3.05)^a	1.91 (1.33–2.75)^c	1.75 (1.66–1.85)^a
LMM	2.08(1.51–2.88)^a	2.11 (1.97–2.26)^a	0.21 (0.08–0.58)^c	0.44 (0.39–.51)^a
SSM	0.95 (0.58–1.58)	1.20 (1.10–1.31)^a	0.28 (0.18–0.44)^a	0.63 (0.60–0.67)^a
ALM	3.44 (1.37–8.63)^c	2.75 (2.37–3.18)^a	1.35 (0.50–3.67)	1.55 (1.32–1.82)^a
Satellite Nodules
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	0.95 (0.68–1.33)	1.43 (1.28–1.61)^a	1.00 (0.69–1.45)	1.40 (1.23–1.58)^a
Unknown	1.00 (.75–1.33)	0.85 (0.77–0.94)^c	1.10 (0.72–1.68)	0.86 (0.76–0.98)^b
LN Extension
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Regional	1.07 (0.81–1.41)	1.22 (1.14–1.30)^a	1.50 (0.99–2.26)	1.48 (1.37–1.60)^a
Distant	1.21 (0.90–1.63)	1.12 (0.97–1.29)	1.82 (1.19–2.79)^c	1.21 (1.03–1.43)^b
Unknown	1.24 (0.98–1.57)	1.09 (1.06–1.13)^a	1.63 (1.12–2.37)^b	1.10 (1.05–1.16)^c
Ulceration Status
No	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Yes	1.58 (1.05–2.38)^b	1.14 (1.08–1.19)^a	1.56 (0.91–2.68)	1.12 (1.05–1.19)^c
Unknown	0.91 (0.70–1.19)	1.30 (1.24–1.37)^a	1.06 (0.74–1.50)	1.49 (1.39–1.60)^a
Years of diagnosis
1973–1977		1.75 (1.59–1.93)^a		2.53 (2.20–2.91)^a
1978–1982		1.75 (1.60–1.92)^a		2.56 (2.24–2.92) ^a
1983–1987		1.38 (1.25–1.52)^a		1.66 (1.44–1.91)^a
1988–1992	1.35 (1.16–1.57)^a	1.55 (1.42–1.69)^a	1.48 (1.22–1.78)^a	1.82 (1.59–2.07)^a
1993–1997	1.23 (1.07–1.42)^c	1.38 (1.27–1.51)^a	1.42 (1.20–1.69)^a	1.58 (1.39–1.80)^a
1998–2002	1.02 (0.91–1.15)	1.10 (1.01–1.19)^b	1.04 (0.91–1.20)	1.11 (0.98–1.26)
2003–2004	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

P < 0.0001,

P < 0.05,

P < 0.01

Abbreviations: HR = Hazard Ratio, CI = confidence interval

MM = malignant melanoma, NM = nodular melanoma, LMM = lentigo maligna melanoma, SSM = superficial spreading melanoma, ALM = acral lentiginous melanoma, LN = Lymph Node