Table 3.
Multinomial logistical models of association between depression and incident overweight or obesity in the Nurses’ Health Study.a
| Baseline normal weight women | Baseline normal weight or overweight women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | No depression (n=24275) | With depression (n=4349) | Outcome | No depression (n=43392) | With depression (n=8438) |
| Overweight/obesity | Obesity | ||||
| Age-adjusted model | 1.00 | 1.41 (1.36–1.47) | Age-adjusted model | 1.00 | 1.73 (1.57–1.91) |
| Multivariate model 1b | 1.00 | 1.31 (1.26–1.37) | Multivariate model 1b | 1.00 | 1.60 (1.45–1.77) |
| Multivariate model 2c | 1.00 | 1.20 (1.15–1.26) | Multivariate model 2c | 1.00 | 1.51 (1.36–1.67) |
Depression was defined as currently reporting or having a history of physician-diagnosed depression and/or antidepressant medication use as of 2000. Overweight was defined as a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2, and obesity was defined as a body mass index of 30.0 kg/m2 or greater. The outcome was assessed in 2002–2006.
Model 1: adjusted for age, ethnicity, marital status, living status, physical activity level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone therapy, and quintiles of total energy intake and Western dietary score.
Model 2: model 1 plus a history of comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and cancer).