Table 4.

Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of depression according to baseline body mass index category in the Nurses’ Health Study.^a

	Prevalent depression			New-onset depression
	Normal weight	overweight	Obesity	Normal weight	overweight	Obesity
No. of participants	28624	23206	14125	24275	19117	10667
Age-adjusted model	1.00	1.16 (1.11–1.21)	1.63 (1.56–1.71)	1.00	1.08 (1.02–1.15)	1.30 (1.21–1.40)
Multivariate model 1b	1.00	1.12 (1.07–1.17)	1.48 (1.41–1.56)	1.00	1.06 (1.00–1.13)	1.24 (1.15–1.34)
Multivariate model 2c	1.00	1.04 (1.00–1.09)	1.28 (1.22–1.35)	1.00	1.00 (0.94–1.07)	1.10 (1.02–1.20)
Multivariate model 3d	1.00	1.00 (0.95–1.06)	1.11 (1.03–1.18)	NA	NA	NA

^aOverweight was defined as a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m², and obesity was defined as a body mass index of 30.0 kg/m² or greater. Depression was defined as currently reporting or having a history of physician-diagnosed depression and/or antidepressant medication use. The outcome was assessed in 2002–2006.

^bModel 1: adjusted for age, ethnicity, marital status, living status, physical activity level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone therapy, and quintiles of total energy intake and Western dietary score at baseline.

^cModel 2: model 1 plus a history of comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, and cancer).

^dModel 3: model 2 plus baseline depression status (1996–2000, yes or no).