Table I.
Baseline patient characteristics
| No Gastrointestinal Bleeding (n = 1,204,065) | Gastrointestinal Bleeding (n = 12694) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 64.2 ± 12.2 | 70.5 ± 11.4 | < 0.001 |
| Women, % | 34.2 | 44.3 | < 0.001 |
| Race, % | <0.0001 | ||
| White | 82.9 | 81.1 | |
| Black | 6.3 | 8.1 | |
| Hispanic | 6.0 | 6.2 | |
| Asian | 1.6 | 1.9 | |
| Native American | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
| Other | 3.1 | 2.6 | |
| Died during hospitalization, total (%) | 9199 (0.8) | 763 (6.0) | < 0.001 |
| Length of stay, mean ± SD | 2.78 ± 3.1 | 7.61 ± 7.1 | < 0.001 |
| Financial cost, mean ($) | 36758 | 60094 | < 0.001 |
|
| |||
|
Medical History, total number (%)
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 334395 (27.8) | 3411 (26.9) | 0.024 |
| Hypertension | 736634 (61.2) | 6837 (53.9) | < 0.001 |
| CRI | 18803 (1.6) | 443 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 620215 (51.5) | 3863 (30.4) | < 0.001 |
| CAD | 972236 (80.7) | 9797 (77.2) | < 0.001 |
| AMI | 44367 (3.7) | 944 (7.4) | < 0.001 |
| CHF | 116754 (9.7) | 3469 (27.3) | < 0.001 |
| Heart Valve Disorder | 82980 (6.9) | 1495 (11.8) | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation/Atrial flutter | 12490 (1.0) | 292 (2.3) | < 0.001 |
| TIA and CVA | 11115 (0.9) | 186 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
| PVD | 76305 (6.3) | 967 (7.6) | < 0.001 |
| COPD | 113365 (9.4) | 2437 (19.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diverticulosis or diverticulitis | 6777 (0.6) | 589 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
| GD ulcer/Gastritis/Duodenitis | 22223 (1.9) | 1706 (13.4) | < 0.001 |
| Esophageal cancer | 475 (0.0) | 24 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Stomach cancer | 378 (0.0) | 35 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Colon cancer | 8234 (0.7) | 266 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Rectum/Anal cancer | 714 (0.1) | 62 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
|
| |||
|
Procedures, total number (%)
| |||
| Upper endoscopy | 8143 (0.7) | 3382 (26.6) | < 0.001 |
| Lower endoscopy | 2192 (0.2) | 1000 (7.9) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary artery catheter monitoring | 3233 (0.3) | 226 (1.8) | < 0.001 |
| Blood transfusion | 17137(1.4) | 2123 (16.7) | < 0.001 |
| BMS | 664707 (55.2) | 7787 (61.3) | < 0.001 |
| DES | 419782 (34.9) | 3534 (27.8) | < 0.001 |
CRI indicates chronic renal insufficiency; CAD, coronary artery disease; AMI, acute myocardial infarct; CHF, congestive heart failure; TIA, transient ischemic attack; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GD ulcer, gastroduodenal ulcer; BMS, bare-metal stent; DES, drug eluting stent.