Table II.
Association between death and gastrointestinal bleed by year with and without adjusting for covariates.
| Without adjusting for covariates | With adjusting for covariates* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | P-value | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | P-value |
| Overall | ||||
| Died | 8.31 (7.71, 8.97) | < 0.0001 | 4.70 (4.23, 5.23) | < 0.0001 |
| Individual Year | ||||
| 1998 | 8.04 (6.22, 10.40) | < 0.0001 | 5.43 (3.92, 7.52) | < 0.0001 |
| 1999 | 8.35 (6.57, 10.61) | < 0.0001 | 4.58 (3.26, 6.42) | < 0.0001 |
| 2000 | 9.48 (7.66, 11.74) | < 0.0001 | 5.11 (3.76, 6.94) | < 0.0001 |
| 2001 | 7.19 (5.74, 9.01) | < 0.0001 | 4.22 (3.13, 5.67) | < 0.0001 |
| 2002 | 8.38 (6.76, 10.38) | < 0.0001 | 5.37 (3.99, 7.21) | < 0.0001 |
| 2003 | 7.24 (5.73, 9.15) | < 0.0001 | 3.84 (2.71, 5.43) | < 0.0001 |
| 2004 | 8.07 (6.42, 10.16) | < 0.0001 | 4.14 (2.95, 5.79) | < 0.0001 |
| 2005 | 8.95 (7.14, 11.2) | < 0.0001 | 5.30 (3.93, 7.14) | < 0.0001 |
| 2006 | 9.27 (7.42, 11.59) | < 0.0001 | 4.41 (3.21, 6.07) | < 0.0001 |
The adjusting covariates are year, age, gender, race, length of stay, financial cost, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, heart valve disorder, atrial fibrillation/flutter, transient ischemic attack/cerebrovascular accident, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diverticulosis/diverticulitis, gastroduodenal ulcer/gastritis/duodenitis, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, rectum/anal cancer, upper endoscopy, lower endoscopy, pulmonary artery catheter monitoring, blood transfusion, bare-metal stents, drug-eluting stents, and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.