Table 2.

Maternal glucose and pregnancy outcomes

	LF	HF	DR2	DR3
Pregnancy no. 1 (4 wk)
Prepregnancy glucose, mg/dl	148 ± 10	155 ± 4
G17.5 glucose, mg/dl	136 ± 6	134 ± 5
No. of successful pregnancies	10/10	31/32
Litter size (pups/litter)	6 ± 2	7 ± 2*
Pup mortality (%total pups)	12	8
Sex ratio (males/females)	0.47: 0.53	0.48: 0.52
Pregnancy no. 2 (12 wk)
Prepregnancy glucose, mg/dl	143 ± 5	170 ± 5**	173 ± 9**
G17.5 glucose, mg/dl	134 ± 6	141 ± 8	134 ± 7
No. of successful pregnancies	10/10	21/22	8/10
Litter size (pups/litter)	6 ± 1	7 ± 2	6 ± 1
Pup mortality (%total pups)#	3	23	4
Sex ratio (males/females)	0.54: 0.46	0.49: 0.51	0.63: 0.37
Pregnancy no. 3 (23 wk)
Prepregnancy glucose, mg/dl	154 ± 7	167 ± 7		174 ± 8
G17.5 glucose, mg/dl	139 ± 9	130 ± 9		120 ± 7
No. of successful pregnancies	10/10	9/11		10/11
Litter size (pups/litter)	6 ± 1	4 ± 2		6 ± 2
Pup mortality (%total pups)#	4	40		43
Sex ratio (males/females)	0.66: 0.34†	0.64: 0.36		0.49: 0.51

Values are means ± SE. LF, low fat; HF, high fat; DR2, 2nd pregnancy diet reversed; DR3, 3rd pregnancy diet reversed; G17.5, gestational day 17.5.

^*P < 0.05 and

^**P < 0.01 vs. LF dams;

^†P < 0.05 by χ² test compared with the expected 1:1 sex ratio;

^#P ≤ 0.0001 by χ² test.