Table 3.
Average difference between hemodynamic indices derived from measured and simulated data, expressed as a percentage of the indices derived from measured data (%)
| Parameter | Measured value | LinFix | LinFree | Langew | Sigm | Shroff | Burkh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| End-systolic V LV | 31.2 ± 13.1 mL | 4.3 ± 6.5 | 1.0 ± 5.1 | 1.3 ± 5.9 | 0.9 ± 6.0 | 2.3 ± 6.7 | 2.7 ± 5.5 |
| End-systolic P LV | 76 ± 15 mmHg | –0.7 ± 2.8 | 0.4 ± 3.5 | 0.3 ± 2.2 | 0.2 ± 2.0 | 1.1 ± 4.4 | 0.2 ± 2.6 |
| End-diastolic P LV | 3.9 ± 2.2 mmHg | –20.2 ± 25.1 | –3.2 ± 8.2 | –1.2 ± 7.8 | –6.1 ± 6.4 | –20.4 ± 24.9 | 92.3 ± 68.8 |
| Stroke volume | 58.4 ± 14.4 mL | 0.2 ± 4.6 | 1.4 ± 4.4 | 1.1 ± 4.7 | 1.4 ± 4.8 | 0.5 ± 5.7 | 0.6 ± 4.2 |
| Ejection fraction | 65.4 ± 12.6% | –1.2 ± 3.3 | –0.1 ± 3.0 | –0.3 ± 3.5 | –0.1 ± 3.7 | –1.0 ± 4.2 | –0.8 ± 3.1 |
| Maximum dP LV/dt | (14.1 ± 4.1) × 102 mmHg s−1 | 1.8 ± 12.3 | 2.8 ± 3.0 | 3.0 ± 2.8 | 2.5 ± 2.4 | –6.2 ± 9.1 | –19 ± 11.1 |
| Minimum dP LV/dt | (10.1 ± 2.5) × 102 mmHg s−1 | –15.3 ± 11.8 | 5.7 ± 22.8 | 7.2 ± 31.2 | 13.0 ± 20.0 | –14.7 ± 11.4 | –32.1 ± 9.9 |
| Peak filling rate | 227 ± 96 mL s−1 | 21.5 ± 50.5 | –8.9 ± 45.8 | –8.6 ± 35.8 | 13.1 ± 62.4 | 23.4 ± 53.1 | 33.8 ± 62.2 |
| RMS error | 11.9 ± 14.6 | 4.1 ± 12.0 | 4.2 ± 11.7 | 7.0 ± 13.5 | 12.4 ± 15.0 | 37.2 ± 20.9 |
Values are mean ± SD, with the average across all cardiac cycles of all sheep. P LV, V LV = left-ventricular pressure and volume