Table 1.
Background and outcome factors
| Variable | All subjects (%) | No paina (%) | Recurrent painb (%) | Continuous painc (%) | P-value | Non-respondents (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a v. b + c | n | p-valued | |||||
| Number of subjectse (%) | 464 (100.0) | 264 (56.9) | 168 (36.2) | 32 (6.9) | 175 (100.0) | ||
| Educational level, n (%) (Q1) | n=463 | n=264 | n=167 | n=32 | n=175 | ||
| Up to university level | 245 (52.9) | 142 (53.8) | 87 (52.1) | 16 (50.0) | 0.665 | 115 (65.7) | 0.004 |
| University education | 218 (47.1) | 122 (46.2) | 80 (47.9) | 16 (50.0) | 60 (34.3) | ||
| Mean age at delivery, years (Q1) | 30.2 | 29.6 | 30.8 | 31.8 | 0.001 | 29.6 | 0.168 |
| Mean age at Q2, yrs | 30.7 | 30.1 | 31.3 | 32.3 | 0.002 | ||
| Time of responsef, months | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.2 | 0.075 | ||
| Parity, mean n (Q1) | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 0.181 | 2.2 | 0.001 |
| No. of pregnancies (Q1) |
n=456 2.4 |
n=259 2.3 |
n=166 2.5 |
n=31 2.2 |
0.128 |
n=170 2.8 |
0.001 |
| Gestational age, days (Q1) |
n=464 278.1 |
n=264 277.9 |
n=168 278.0 |
n=32 279.9 |
0.762 |
n=174 276.6 |
0.233 |
| Birth weight, g (Q1) | 3 597 | 3 567 | 3 663 | 3 497 | 0.256 | 3 511 | 0.134 |
| Mode of delivery (Q1), n (%) | |||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 342 (73.5) | 201 (76.1) | 120 (71.4) | 20 (62.5) | 0.010 | 120 (68.6) | 0.540 |
| Vacuum extraction | 34 (7.3) | 17 (6.3) | 13 (7.7) | 4 (12.5) | 12 (6.9) | ||
| Elective CS | 44 (9.5) | 15 (5.7) | 23 (13.7) | 6 (18.8) | 21 (12.0) | ||
| Emergency CS | 42 (9.0) | 28 (9.6) | 12 (6.2) | 2 (6.2) | 22 (12.6) | ||
| Forceps | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.1) | – | – | – | ||
| Total experience of deliveryg (Q1) |
n=453 7.9 |
n=258 7.9 |
n=164 8.0 |
n=31 7.6 |
0.786 |
n=171 7.8 |
0.742 |
| Total experience of deliveryg (Q2) |
n=458 7.7 |
n=258 7.7 |
n=168 7.8 |
n=32 7.4 |
0.843 | ||
| Pearson’s correlation coefficient of Q1 and Q2 | r2=0.743 | r2=0.798 | r2=0.607 | r2=0.872 | |||
| Hyper-mobilityh (Q1) | n=458 | n=261 | n=166 | n=31 | n=170 | ||
| Yes | 83 (18.1) | 41 (15.7) | 33 (19.9) | 9 (29.0) | 0.123 | 38 (22.4) | 0.232 |
| No | 375 (81.9) | 220 (84.3) | 133 (80.1) | 22 (71.0) | 132 (77.6) | ||
| Hyper-mobilityi (Q1) | n=458 | n=261 | n=166 | n=31 | n=170 | ||
| Yes | 111 (24.2) | 54 (20.7) | 46 (27.7) | 11 (35.5) | 0.042 | 47 (27.6) | 0.381 |
| No | 347 (75.8) | 207 (79.3) | 120 (72.3) | 20 (64.5) | 123 (72.4) | ||
Difference between groups analyzed by t-test for parametric data and Pearson’s chi-squared test for categorical data, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient where applicable
LBPP low back pain and pelvic pain; Q1 first questionnaire; Q2 second questionnaire
a‘No pain’ denotes respondents reporting remission of LBPP after pregnancy
b‘Recurrent pain’ denotes respondents reporting recurrent LBPP after pregnancy
c‘Continuous pain’ denotes respondents reporting continuous LBPP after pregnancy
dStatistical testing non-respondents versus respondents in last column
eNumber of subjects: total subject number and number for each subject category, which is also the number for each variable unless otherwise indicated (in italics)
fTime of response: mean number of months, i.e., the time from delivery until the date given in the Q2 or the date of reception of the Q2
gTotal experience of delivery scored on a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale with possible scores of 0-10, where 0 denotes ‘very bad’ and 10 denotes ‘very good’
hHyper-mobility = women reported diagnosed as having hyper-mobility
iHyper-mobility = women reported diagnosed as having hyper-mobility and/or a perception of hyper-mobility