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. 2009 Feb 24;18(5):672–678. doi: 10.1007/s00586-009-0903-2

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

a The serial dilators used to create the endoscopic portal. b The assembly of the serial dilators. c The setup of the working channel, which was mounted rigidly on the surgical table. d The endoscope and attached camera. Note the 20-degree offset of the light source