State-space model fit of experiments 1–3. The model (Eqs. 1–4) was fit to the last baseline block, the rotation block, and the washout block. Solid and dotted lines indicate the estimate of right- and left-hand adaptation and transfer, respectively, based on the model. Filled and open circles indicate the group-averaged hand angles for right- and left-hand movements, respectively. A: experiment 1, abrupt group. B: experiment 1, gradual group. C: experiment 2, abruptE group. D: experiment 2, gradualE group. E: experiment 3, blocked abrupt group. F: experiment 3, blocked gradual group.