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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prostate. 2011 Jan 12;71(11):1198–1209. doi: 10.1002/pros.21335

Figure 4. Nodal Increases the Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells.

Figure 4

(A) A Western blot with a FLAG antibody confirming exogenous Nodal expression in LNCaP-Nodal, but not in LNCaP-Vector cells. The membrane was reprobed for GAPDH to verify equal loading. (B) The growth of LNCaP-Vector and LNCaP-Nodal cells in Matrigel constructs measured by DNA content after 1–12 days culture. Data are normalized to day 1. By day 12, there was a significant increase in the number of LNCaP-Nodal cells compared to the vector control (Two Way Anova with Tukey’s posthoc analysis, n=3, *P<0.05). (C) Representative phase contrast images showing that LNCaP-Nodal cells formed larger clusters than LNCaP-Vector cells embedded within Matrigel constructs. Scale bars, 250 μm. (D) In soft agar assays, a significantly higher proportion of LNCaP-Nodal cells formed colonies compared with LNCaP-Vector cells (t test, n=3, *P<0.05). (E) Representative phase contrast images confirming that LNCaP-Nodal cells formed more prominent colonies. Scale bars, equal 500 μm.