Figure 5. Nodal Antagonizes Androgen Receptor Signaling.
(A) LNCaP cells transfected with 10–250 ng of Nodal and treated with 1 nM R1881. PSA luciferase activity relative to Renilla is significantly reduced by 250 ng of Nodal (Two way Anova with Tukey’s posthoc analysis, n=3, *P<0.05). (B) Real-time PCR of PSA, KLK2, TMPRSS2, and NKX3.1 which were all significantly down-regulated in LNCaP cells stably transfected with Nodal compared with the vector control (t test, n=3, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001).