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Pro-angiogenic factors produced by myeloma cells and the microenvironment. Myeloma cells directly produce several pro-angiogenic molecules and induce their expression in bone marrow stromal cells. This in turn stimulates myeloma cell growth in a paracrine fashion. VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor, bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, OPN osteopontin, Ang-1 Angiopoietin-1, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-8 interleukin-8. MMP-1,-2,-9 metalloproteinase-1,-2,-9
