To determine if increased S100β in serum correlated with loss of body mass, we plotted the body mass as percent increase / decrease in the month before necropsy (A). When percentage change in mass is plotted against S100β concentration, there is no significant difference between animals with encephalitis (black circles), and those without encephalitis (open diamonds) or control animals (open triangles) (p=0.646). There was also no correlation of S100β concentration with either peak (B) or terminal (C) viral load. CRP values (D) for encephalitic animals were not significantly different from those without encephalitis (p>0.05), or control animals (p>0.05). Levels of IL-6 (E) were significantly higher in SIV infected animals compared with controls (p=0.0053), but were not significantly different between encephalitic and non-encephalitic animals (p>0.05). No significant difference in MCP-1/CCL2 expression was found in any group of animals CCL2 (F) levels (p>0.05).