Table 1.
Key features of common neurotoxic models of PD
| Models | Pathology |
Behavioral phenotypes |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nigrostriatal damage |
Extranigral pathology | LB | Motor (l-dopa or apomorphine responsive) | Nonmotor | |||
| SN cell body | Str. terminals | Str. DA | |||||
| 6-OHDA | |||||||
| Rat | |||||||
| Stereotactic injection to SN, MFB, striatum | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Cognitive, psychiatric, and GI disorders |
| MPTP | |||||||
| Nonhuman primates | |||||||
| i.p, i.m, intracarotid infusion | Yes | Yes | Yes | LC | Yes | Yes | Numerous (see Fox and Brotchie 2010; Bezard 2011) |
| Mouse | |||||||
| Acute, subacute (i.p.) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Transient ↑colon motility |
| Chronic (osmotic minipumps) | Yes | Yes | Yes | LC | Yes | Yes | ND |
| PQ | |||||||
| Mouse | |||||||
| i.p. | Yes | Conflicting | No | LC | Yes | ND | ND |
| PQ/Maneb | |||||||
| Mouse | |||||||
| i.p. | Yes | ND | Yes | ND | Yes | ND | ND |
| Rotenone | |||||||
| Rat | |||||||
| Infusion via osmotic minipumps | Yes | Yes | Yes | ND | Yes | Yes | ↓GI motility |
| i.p. injection | Yes | Yes | Yes | GI | Yes | Yes | ↓GI motility |
Abbreviations: SN, substantia nigra; Str., striatal; LB, Lewy bodies; LC, locus coeruleus; GI, gastrointestinal; MFB, medial forebrain bundle; ND, not determined.