Table 4A.
Heterogeneity in the design of the RCT comparing pain scores in patients examined by the air and the water-related methods - indications, primary outcome, trainee involvement and use of split-dose bowel preparation or not
| Reference | Indications | Primary Outcome | Trainee | Split-dose bowel preparationa |
| Brocchi et al.5 | Scr, Sur, Dx | Percentages of complete colonoscopy | No | No |
| Park et al.8 | Sur, Dx | Colonoscopic success rate in 15 min | All | -- |
| Hsieh et al.9 | Sur, Dx | Patient pain | No | No |
| Hsieh et al.10 | Sur, Dx | Patient pain | No | No |
| Leung et al.11 | Scr, Sur, Dx | Completing minimal sedation | In part | No |
| Radaelli et al.12 | Scr, Sur, Dx | Need on-demand sedation | No | -- |
| Ransibrahma-nakul et al.14 | Scr, Sur | Patient pain | All | No |
| Leung et al.13 | Scr, Sur | Patient pain | No | No |
| Leung et al.15 | Scr, Sur, Dx | Completing unsedated | No | No |
| Leung et al.16 | Scr, Sur | Completing unsedated | No | No |
| Amato et al.18 | Scr, Sur, Dx | Need on-demand sedation | No | -- |
| Pohl et al.19 | Scr, Sur, Dx | Completing unsedated | No | Yes |
| Ramirez et al.17 | Scr | Adenoma detection rate | No | No |
| Sawant et al.20 | Dx | Completing unsedated | All | -- |
| Portocarrero et al.21 | -- | Sedation requirement | No | -- |
--, not reported; Scr, screening; Sur, surveillance; Dx, diagnostic;
a
Split dose bowel preparation was defined as ½ of bowel cleansing agent was consumed on the day before and the other half in the early morning of day of colonoscopy.